Trees/Age
What are growth rings able to show?
The amount of rainfall
Average temperature
Length of growing season
An internal test is challenged by:
Change in language or culture
______________________ is defined as any process that makes life better or a job easier.
Technology
A ___________________ is a trace or remains of an organism that has lived long ago.
Fossil
_________________ is the various mixtures of minerals, air, water, organic matter, and decayed remains that are important to vegetation and other organisms.
Soil
This term states that an age of an artifact is determined by the date printed on it, or it is determined by a reference to the artwork in history:
Known Age
What term describes the process of critically examining texts to determine if they are accurate?
Textual Criticism
Life science encompasses all scientific pursuits related to _________________________.
Living Organisms
A fossil is most commonly preserved in:
Sedimentary Rocks
Why is soil studied?
Growing plants and constructing roads and buildings
The innermost solid line within a growth ring shows:
First year of growth
What occurs occurs when a critic does the copy text method?
When a critic looks at the base text and looks for corrections
________________ is a term that encompasses past human relics, such as tools, weapons, and containers.
Artifacts
______________________ factors cause a tilt within rocks, causing a displacement in the upper layer of soils.
Erosion
. __________________ is critical for plant development.
Moisture
Which of the following is the process of counting tree rings in order to determine age?
Dendrochronology
This refers to a wide variety of tests that are used to compare the document in question to other documents, known historical facts, or itself:
Eclecticism
This form of science is motivated solely by curiosity, and usefulness does not matter:
Pure Science
What is the law of superposition? What branch is it?
It is a branch of stratigraphy and geology that is concerned with the order/position of strata
List the five types of soil in Georgia, and briefly describe one of the five types:
Red Clay: results from the oxidation of red, orange and brown iron bearing minerals weathered by climate; lack nutrients, but support a variety of southern pine trees
Kaolin: (Industrial) is an alumina-silicate clay used for making everything from paper and paint to cosmetics and auto parts.
Agricultural
Upper piedmont: rich in organic material, forest regions
Coastal plain soils: largely formulated with sand and clay marine
What is the difference between light and dark growth rings? Fully explain the seasons and how the cells grow. What does the thickness of growth rings show?
Light ring: early wood: grows during wet spring and early summer when tree has a lot of sap, the cambium cells (cells: large, thick walled)
Dark ring: cooler Autumn: tree growth slows (cells: smaller, thicker walled), by winter dark ring marks end of annual growth
Higher rainfall and longer growing season: wide ring; Tracing ring patterns can outline climate
List and describe the 3 tests used to identify historical facts:
Internal: Tests whether document agrees with itself
External: Determines if document contradicts other known historical facts
Bibliographic: Direct eyewitness account or secondhand report.
List and define the 3 fields of science accompanied by life science:
Archaeology: The study of past human life as revealed by preserved relics
Geology: Study of Earth’s history as revealed in the rocks that make up the earth
Paleontology: Study of life’s history as revealed in the preserved remains of once-living organisms
What is the Law of Superposition, and Relative Age Dating?
Relative age dating: Determining whether an event or object is older or younger than other events or objects.
Law of superposition: Younger rocks lie above older rocks if layers have not been disturbed
List and describe the 4 layers of soil:
O. (Organic) Horizon: Surface layer, Organic Matter, High Biological Activity
A. Horizon (Top soil): Upper mineral layer, high organic matter
B. Horizon (Subsoil): Zone of leached material (loss of certain materials)
C. Horizon (Parent Material)- Weather material above R horizon