GI tract celebrities
Straight to the operating room
Hernias
Tools of the surgeon
The biliary tree
100
This "vermiform" structure was once believed to be a vestigial organ, however, recent studies claim it may play a role in bacterial regeneration.
What is the appendix?
100
This type of small bowel obstruction is blocked in two different areas, increasing the risk of necrosis and perforation.
What is a closed loop small bowel obstruction?
100
It's when the stomach is fed up with the abdomen and wants to live in the chest.
What is a hiatal hernia?
100
Named after a famous heart surgeon, these graspers are used to atraumatically pick up tissue
What are DeBakey graspers?
100
Uh oh, you have stones in your gallbladder! A common condition that can lead to other problems down the line.
What is cholelithiasis?
200
It's famous for it's rule of twos: presents at age of 2, 2% of the population, 2 feet from the ileocecal valve.
What is a Meckel's diverticulum
200
Occurring mostly in the elderly population, this obstruction stems from a fistula usually between the gallbladder and duodenum, leading to a blockage usually at the ileocecal valve.
What is a gallstone ileus.
200
Women are most commonly affected with this type of hernia, that has a strong propensity to become incarcerated and strangulated.
What is a femoral hernia?
200
She's close to you, but you can never keep her satisfied. Oh well, at least she can grab the gallbladder pretty good.
What is a mother-in-law?
200
One of the stones in your gallbladder tried to escape after you ate a greasy meal, but couldn't make it and goes back into the gallbladder. You then have pain for 3-6 hours. This might happen frequently.
What is biliary colic?
300
This node, named after a famous german physician, is sometimes the first sign that a patient has gastric cancer.
What's is Virchow's node?
300
A complication of an inguinal hernia which warrants an emergency surgery, possibly with a midline laparotomy for a resection.
What is a strangulated inguinal hernia?
300
Commonly found in children, these hernias tend to close before the age of four.
What is an umbilical hernia?
300
Famous for it's multiple cancer clinics in the United States, these instruments can come curved or straight.
What are Mayo scissors?
300
Right upper quadrant pain that lasts for more than 6 hours, associated with fevers and an elevated white blood count.
What is cholecystitis?
400
Working as a nurse, she found a trend in which a lot of gastric cancer patients presented with a hardened area next to their umbilicus, which was later found to be a metastatic nodule and was named after her.
Who is Sister Mary Joseph
400
The most common cause of small bowel obstructions, although 80% of these can be treated conservatively.
What is an adhesive small bowel obstruction?
400
An intra-abdominal hernia in which there is a protrusion between the rectus muscle and lateral oblique muscles.
What is a Spigelian hernia?
400
This instrument is named after a state that borders Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. Used to dissect in laparoscopic cases.
What is a Maryland grasper?
400
Palpating the right upper quadrant and asking the patient to breath in is considered positive if the patient elicits pain while doing so. Ultrasounds can elicit this too.
What is Murphy's sign/tenderness?
500
Still living today after an illustrious career in Montreal, he named the now often used classification of perforated diverticulitis from localized abscess to feculent peritonitis, guiding general surgeons to the necessary treatment
Dr John Hinchey
500
In younger patients, this could be treated conservatively, however, when it happens in the older population, there is likely a more sinister cause resulting in part of the bowel being pulled through itself.
What is intususpeption?
500
You're performing an inguinal hernia repair, and happen to come across the appendix. What is this type of hernia called?
What is an Amyand's hernia?
500
Possibly originating in a famous Hospital in England, this retractor is essential in deep pelvic dissections
What is a St. Mark's retractor?
500
The name of the condition where a gallstone successfully escapes past the cystic duct, and makes a home in the common bile duct, resulting in an elevation of bilirubin.
What is choledocholithiasis?
600
Not only is it a long surgical procedure, but it's also a triad describing the symptoms of insulinomas. The namesake had a friend with the same last name who named a disease associated with a bacterial infection of the gut characterized by abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhea, as well as joint pain.
Who is Whipple?
600
Smoking, NSAID use, neoplasms, and Helicobacter can cause this serious complication of peptic ulcer disease, requiring what's called a Graham's patch to repair.
What is perforated gastric/duodenal ulcer?
600
While performing an inguinal hernia repair, you notice that it is both a direct and indirect hernia. Otherwise known as this.
What is a pantaloon hernia?
600
You need to be "sure" when you use this instrument, because not only does it coagulate, but it "ligates" the tissue as well.
What is a Ligasure?
600
A constellation of symptoms associated with cholangitis include 1) fever, 2) RUQ pain, and 3) jaundice. Add shock and decreased consciousness and you get another.
What is Charcot's triad and Renaud's Pentad?