Basics of Genes
What are genes made of?
Answer: Genes are made of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Schizophrenia is classified as which type of disorder?
Schizophrenia is classified as a psychotic disorder.
Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings between what two states?
Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings between mania (or hypomania) and depression.
Anxiety disorders are primarily related to excessive feelings of what?
Anxiety disorders are primarily related to excessive feelings of fear or worry.
Which personality trait describes someone who is outgoing and enjoys social interactions?
The personality trait is called extraversion.
What is the term for the complete set of genes in an organism?
The complete set of genes in an organism is called the genome.
Which common symptom involves hearing or seeing things that aren't real in schizophrenia?
The symptom is called hallucinations.
What is the difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorder?
Bipolar I disorder includes at least one manic episode, while Bipolar II disorder involves at least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode, but no full manic episodes.
What part of the brain is often overactive in people with anxiety disorders?
The amygdala is often overactive in people with anxiety disorders.
What is the name of the model that describes five major personality traits?
The model is known as the Big Five Personality Traits model.
What is a mutation in a gene?
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of a gene, which can affect how that gene functions.
What is the average age range for the onset of schizophrenia?
The average age range for onset is typically late teens to early 30s.
What is the typical age of onset for bipolar disorder?
The typical age of onset for bipolar disorder is usually between 18 and 25 years.
Name a type of anxiety disorder that involves an intense fear of social situations.
The disorder is called social anxiety disorder.
Which personality trait is most strongly associated with being organized and dependable?
The personality trait is conscientiousness.
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
A dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy is present, while a recessive allele is only expressed when two copies are present.
What is the type of medication used to treat schizophrenia?
Anti-Psychotics
What is the type of medication used to treat bipolar disorder?
Mood Stabilizers
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the regulation of mood and anxiety?
Serotonin
What role do genetics play in the development of personality traits?
Genetics contribute to the heritability of personality traits, influencing individual differences through genetic predispositions and interactions with environmental factors.
What process allows for genetic variation during reproduction?
The process of meiosis allows for genetic variation during reproduction through crossing over and independent assortment.
What is the heritability estimate for schizophrenia in percentage?
The heritability estimate for schizophrenia is around 80%.
What is the estimated heritability of bipolar disorder in percentage?
The estimated heritability of bipolar disorder is about 60-80%.
What is the name of the therapy that is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders, focusing on changing negative thought patterns?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
What percentage of personality traits is typically attributed to genetic factors?
About 40-60% of personality traits are typically attributed to genetic factors.