DNA Structure
What biomolecule is found in all cells and contains the genetic blueprint for an organism's development, function, and reproduction?
DNA
Which replication enzyme is responsible for synthesizing an RNA primer to mark where to begin replication?
Primase
What structure is the site of protein synthesis and is found in all cells?
Ribosomes
Operon that is "on" by default but its repressor can be repressed down onto the gene, physically blocking RNA polymerase. This is an _______ operon
Repressible
Capsid and genetic material
Long DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome that do not code for anything important are called...
Telomers
This enzyme is responsible for sealing together or fixing breaks in a DNA strand.
Ligase
This enzyme synthesize RNA that is complementary to a specific DNA sequence
RNA polymerase
Eukaryotic mRNA contains intron which must be removed. What process occurs after transcription but before translation in eukaryotes?
RNA processing (alternative splicing, capping, polyadenylation)
A virus is an obligate intracellular parasite, meaning it requires a ____ to reproduce.
Host
What part of the nucleotide makes up the backbone of the DNA double helix?
Phosphate groups
DNA replication is _________, meaning the strands seperate then each original strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand.
Semi-conservative
Sequences of DNA that interrupt genes and are not present in prokaryotes are called...
Introns
This DNA segment is 5' AGT TCA 3'. What is the resulting RNA transcript?
3' UCA AGU 5'
What enzyme allows HIV is to incorporate it's genes into the host's genome despite having an RNA genome?
Reverse transcriptase
In an RNA molecule, Guanine binds to Cytosine, and adenine binds to ______
Uracil
The DNA strand that contains Okazaki fragments and uses multiple RNA primers is called...
Lagging strand
Where does BOTH transcription and translation take place in prokaryotes?
Cytoplasm
Acetylating histone proteins of chromatin will loosen it, exposing genes. This makes genes more accessible for RNA polymerase to transcribe. What level of protein modification is this?
a) Epigenetic
b) Transcriptional
c) Post-transcriptional
d) Translational
e) Post-translational
Epigenetic
Which viral genome can be translated immediately after uncoating?
a) dsDNA
b) ssDNA
c) dsRNA
d) +ssRNA
e) -ssRNA
+ssRNA
A particular DNA sample consists of 20% thymine. How much cytosine is in this sample?
30% cytosine
Which replication enzyme is the main one responsible for synthesizing new nucleotides?
DNA polymerase
This nucleic acid carries an amino acid to a ribosome AND is complementary to the mRNA codon
tRNA
Methylating a finished polypeptide to alter the function of the protein. What level of protein modification is this?
a) Epigenetic
b) Transcriptional
c) Post-transcriptional
d) Translational
e) Post-translational
Post-translational
For Phage Lambda, strong promoters for RNA polymerase lead to expression of Cro and N proteins, and favor the lytic pathway. Weak promoters for RNA polymerase lead to expression CI protein and favor lysogeny.
Which proteins will facilitate viral assembly and lysis from the host cell?
Cro and N