Organism Basics
This term means "a self-contained living thing"
What is an odrganism
The process of transferring genetic information from parent to offspring.
What is heredity?
The molecule that contains information forming the hereditary material of cells.
What is DNA
Choosing parents with desired traits to produce offspring is called ___.
What is Artificial Selection?
The grid used to predict offspring allele combinations from two parents. 200 — The field that uses living systems to develop useful products or processes.
What is the Punnett square
Name the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
What is an cell?
The structure inside the nucleus that is a highly organized piece of DNA.
What is Chromosome
A single piece of DNA packed with proteins is called a ___.
What is a Chromosome?
The process where humans breed plants or animals for particular traits (two words)
What is selective breeding (or artificial selection)?
The field that uses living systems to develop useful products or processes.
What is Biotechnology
A visible characteristic of an organism that can be genetic or acquired.
What is a trait?
The basic physical and functional unit of heredity made of DNA.
What is a gene?
What do we call the physical expression or appearance of a gene (two-word term)?
What is a Phenotype?
Explain in one sentence how artificial selection is different from natural selection.
Artificial selection is driven by human choice of parents; natural selection is driven by environmental pressures favoring certain traits
What is cloning? Give a short definition.
Cloning is producing a genetic copy or imitation of an organism.
he diagram that shows how traits are passed through multiple generations is called a ___.
What is a Pedigree?
The exact genetic information carried by an individual is called the ___.
What is a Genotype?
Describe in one sentence why genes are important for traits.
Genes contain instructions (in DNA) that code for proteins which influence traits.
Name one benefit and one ethical concern of selective breeding (one sentence each).
Benefit example: increased crop yields; Ethical concern example: reduced genetic diversity or animal welfare issues.
Define genetic engineering in one sentence
Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's DNA to change traits
Define "generation" in terms of heredity and descent.
What is an Organisms of the same species at the same level of descent from a common ancestor; parents are one generation and their offspring the next?
Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype in one sentence.
Genotype is the genetic makeup (the alleles an organism carries); phenotype is the physical expression or appearance of those genes.
If an organism has two different alleles for a gene, where did those alleles come from? (short answer)
One allele from each parent (each parent contributes half the genes).
Describe how variation in a population can affect survival over generations (use one example).
— Variation can increase the chances some individuals survive a change (e.g., some beetles are darker and avoid predation when the environment becomes darker, so dark beetles become more common over generations).
Name one real-world example of biotechnology and explain in one sentence how it changes traits or helps humans.
Example: Insulin production using genetically engineered bacteria — bacteria are modified to produce human insulin, which helps people with diabetes.