Prokaryotic Diversity
This process occurs when a bacterium takes up free DNA from its environment.
What is transformation?
This protein structure surrounds and protects a bacteriophage’s genetic material.
What is a capsid?
What is the first step of the lytic cycle when a bacteriophage attaches to a bacterial cell?
What is attachment?
In the lysogenic cycle, viral DNA may integrate into this structure inside the bacterial cell.
What is the bacterial chromosome (host DNA)?
What is the general term for the graph showing the number of infectious virus particles over time after infection of host cells?
What is a viral replication growth curve?
This type of transduction occurs when a phage accidentally packages random fragments of bacterial DNA.
What is generalized transduction?
These structures help many bacteriophages recognize and attach to specific bacterial host cells.
What are tail fibers?
During this stage, the host cell's machinery is used to produce viral genomes and proteins.
What is biosynthesis?
Unlike the lytic cycle, the lysogenic cycle does not immediately do this to the host cell.
What is lyse (burst and destroy) the host cell?
The viral growth curve is classified as a ___ step growth curve.
What is a one-step growth curve?
During conjugation, an F+ donor transfers a copy of the F plasmid to an F− recipient. What is the recipient's usual new status?
What is F+?
In the lysogenic cycle, bacteriophage DNA integrated into the bacterial chromosome is called this.
What is a prophage?
This final event releases newly assembled bacteriophages by breaking open the bacterial host cell.
What is lysis?
Specialized transduction comes from the lysogenic cycle and results in phenotype change, this is an example of...
What is genetic diversity?
During which period have viral components been produced inside host cells?
What is the eclipse period?
This type of transduction transfers specific bacterial genes near the prophage integration site following an imprecise excision event.
What is specialized transduction?
What is lysozyme?
A bacteriophage attaches to a bacterium but cannot inject its genetic material. Which stage has failed?
What is penetration (entry)?
The process where a dormant, integrated viral genome (prophage) exits the host bacterium's chromosome and switches back into the lytic cycle
What is induction?
The term for the average number of new virions released from a single lysed host cell.
What is burst size?
A bacterium inherits a resistance gene from its parent during cell division, while another acquires one from a neighboring bacterium. Name the two types of gene transfer.
What are vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer?
During viral replication or release, this is acquired from the host cell and is composed of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins.
What is the viral envelope?
During the maturation phase, this is assembled in the bacteria cell.
What are new phage particles?
This happens when a bacteriophage integrates its DNA into the host bacterium's chromosome as a dormant prophage, changing the bacterium's physical traits (phenotype)
What is phage conversion?
Define the inoculation phase of the viral growth curve.
What is "inoculum of virus binds to cells?"