General
Gene Therapy
GMOs
Stem Cells
Human Genome
100
What is genetic engineering?
The altering of genetic information or makeup of an organism
100
The desired gene is cut with this
What is a restriction enzyme
100
Most GMO have had a gene from another species added to their genome what is this called.
What is Gene Splicing.
100
Embryonic stem cell research was banned in the United States for this reason.
What is the destruction of human embryos
100
What are the four bases of DNA?
Cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine
200
How long are restriction sites?
4 to 6 base pairs.
200
What are the three ways of altering an organisms genes? (hint: one is remove the gene)
What is removing the gene, altering the gene, and adding a gene
200
The increase of these two human conditions has been correlated with an increase in GMOs leading some to question the benefits of GMO.
What is cancer and allergies
200
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to both regenerate themselves and to differentiate into specific cells.
200
What is the main goal of the Human Genome Project?
Their primary goal is to determine the sequence of base pairs in human DNA and get a better understanding for what part of DNA controls what genes.
300
What is recombinant DNA?
Recombinant DNA is a sequence of DNA brought together from many organisms
300
These are the two types of vectors used in gene therapy
What is plasmids and viruses
300
Three risks of GMO are
Insect and Fungal resistance Unintended harm to wildlife and beneficial insects Increase in Allergens and other conditions in humans Lack of genetic diversity in crops Increased costs of seeds
300
What is the main function of adult(somatic) stem cells?
They are undifferentiated cells found in most organs and help to maintain and repair damaged cells. They can differentiate into specific cells of that tissue with specialized functions.
300
How many different amino acids are in the human body?
22 different amino acids are in the human body
400
What are some benefits to genetic engineering?
Helping advance medicinal fields; predicting diseases, learning about diseases Helping advance agriculture; changing crops DNA Advance research
400
What are the two different types of cells engineers can edit?
What is somatic cells (body cells) or germ line cells(sex cells)
400
Three benefits of GMOs are
Reduced use of chemical pesticides Less runoff of chemicals into waterways Greater use of farming practices that prevent soil erosion Higher profits for farmers Less fungal contamination More nutritious foods
400
What are two reasons stem cell research is opposed?
Two reasons include: People believe life begins at conception, and therefore believe this is murder. Stem cell research could lead to future technology advancing to clone humans.
400
How many base pairs does the human genome have?
3.3 million
500
By using the techniques of genetic engineering, scientists are able to modify genetic material so that a particular gene of interest from one cell can be incorporated into a different cell. -Describe a procedure by which this can be done -Describe how you could determine whether the gene was successfully incorporated.
One acceptable example is to to make a plant toxin resistant. To do this scientist have to find a toxin resistant gene and then implant it into a plant. To see if the gene was successfully incorporated scientists could expose the plant to toxins. If it survives then the gene was succesfully incorporated, it it dies then the gene wasnt.
500
What are the differences in outcomes of gene therapy on somatic and germ line cells?
Gene therapy performed on germ line cells causes change made to sperm or egg cells. Therefore, the change is heritible and can be passed down to the next generation. Gene therapy performed on somatic cells transfers the genes into the body cells affected. These traits are not passed down and only effects the individual
500
A company must label an organism as genetically modified when it modifies a organism and one of these two events occurs.
When an organisms nutritional value has been altered or an allegen has been introduced to the organism
500
What steps would be taken to clone a stem cell line?
Therapeutic Cloning 1. merges cell with donor egg 2. nucleus is removed from egg and & replaced with patients nucleus 3. the egg is then stimulated to divide chemically or electrically
500
How does DNA sequencing help scientists?
They now know the base pairs that affect different genes and they can see the exact sequence of any part of DNA and the sequences all humans have in common.
M
e
n
u