Manipulating DNA
Cloning
Genetic Engineering
Plasmids
Transgenic Organisms
100
What are restriction Enzymes?
Enzymes that act as “scissors” by cutting DNA
100
What is a clone?
An identical copy of a gene or organism
100
What is genetic engineering?
The manipulation of DNA (inserting genes from other organisms into existing DNA)
100
What is recombinant DNA?
DNA that has genes from more than one organism
100
What is a transgenic organism?
An organism with DNA from more than one organism
200
Act as a restriction enzyme cutting between AATT AAlTT ATCGATTGCAATTAGAAGGCCAATT How many fragments will we end up with? Please place them in order from biggest to smallest.
TTAGAAGGCCAA (12) ATCGATTGCAA (11) TT (2)
200
Does cloning happen naturally? If so, give examples.
Yes. Binary Fission (like mitosis, but with bacteria), budding (plants/simple animals), identical twins
200
Name one type of food that is commonly produced by bacteria.
Artificial sweetener! Its found in all diet sodas and sugar-free sweetened candy
200
What are plasmids?
Closed loops of DNA used to make recombinant DNA
200
Why do we use transgenic bacteria?
The plasmids in the bacteria will take in DNA from other organisms and multiply it
300
What is gel electrophoresis?
A technique where electrical currents are used to separate DNA fragments from each other
300
What is nuclear transfer?
The transfer of a nucleus from one cell into another. Somatic cell nucleus is removed and put into an empty egg cell(nucleus has been removed)
300
Name a reason we would want to genetically engineer animals.
To study diseases.
300
How are plasmids used in the production of insulin?
Put human DNA into the plasmid, plasmid will multiply producing insulin
300
In order for a plant to pass down a certain trait, that trait must be present in the _____________
seeds
400
In gel electrophoresis, smaller fragments travel ____________, while larger fragments travel _____________.
faster/farther slower
400
How many organisms are involved in cloning. Be specific.
3 The somatic cell donor (who we want to clone), the egg donor, and the surrogate mother (she will carry the clone to term)
400
What is the MAJOR difference between cloning and genetic engineering?
Cloning is an exact copy (No DNA is changed), in genetic engineering we add or delete segments of DNA
400
No Question
400
What are herbicides used for? Pesticides?
Herbicides are designed to kill weeds Pesticides are designed to kill "pests"
500
Draw an example of a restriction map
Check picture
500
Make a tree map showing the benefits and concerns with cloning.
Benefits: organs for transplant, save endangered species Concerns: Low success rate, often sickly or "imperfect", decrease in biodiversity
500
Make a tree map showing some of the benefits and concerns of genetically engineering plants and animals.
Benefits: We can make plants resistant to pesticides (kill the weeds, but not the crop), we can research diseases and hopefully find cures Concerns: Health concerns, ethical?, side effects of GM foods, GM plants on the environment?, decrease in genetic diversity
500
No Question
500
In order for an animal to pass on their genetically modified trait (Ex: glowing gene in mice) it must be present in their ___________.
Sex cells
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