Laws
Mendels Law of Dominance
Allele
Different forms of a gene
Dominant Traits
Traits that always show in a person even if only one gene of the pair is inherited for the trait
Phenotypes
Physical expressions of genetic trait
Homozygous
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Law of Segregation
Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete
Genes
DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.
Recessive Traits
traits that typically do not show in a person unless both genes for the trait are inherited
Genotypes
genetic makeup of an organism
Heterozygous
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Law of Independent Assortment.
the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
Reproduction
the production of offspring
Co-dominant traits
when neither of two alleles is dominant over the other, they don't blend but appear together at the the same time (like A and B blood type alleles).
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
Recessive
An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
Enviromental Factor
Those "nonbiological" factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as the nature of the person's parents, the person's friends, and the person's behavioral choices.
Pedigrees
a chart that shows a trait in a family and how it is inherited
Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Phenotype
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Punnett Squares
a chart that shows the possible combination of alleles due to fertilization
Science fact
Babies have 100 more bones than adults
Genetics
The scientific study of heredity
Purebred
the offspring of many generations that have the same traits
Dominant
Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait.
Inheritance
The process by which physical and biological characteristics are transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the offspring