Genetics, this is because through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance
100
Which one, DNA or RNA is double-stranded?
DNA is double stranded, RNA only has one strand
100
Which disease is most prevalent among African Americans?
Sickle Cell Disease
100
How many daughter cells does meiosis result in?
Four Daughter Cells
100
Looking at hair color, a mom has heterozygous brown hair. A dad has homozygous blonde hair. Draw a punnet square, and show the possible outcomes of their offspring.
*Brown hair in dominant over blonde hair
(Drawn on separate sheet of paper)
200
What is the difference between a phenotype and a genotype?
Genotype is the genetic code they carry in their cells that provides information for a particular trait, genetic make-up.
Phenotype is the visible expressed trait.
200
What four nucleotides are found in DNA? Which pairs to which?
adenine and guanine go together
thymine and cytosine go together
200
True or False: Down syndrome is hereditary and runs in families more commonly than not.
False: Down syndrome is hereditary in approximately 1% of all instances, most often, it occurs due to random events in the formation of reproductive cells.
200
True or False: Mitosis has twice as many steps as Meiosis.
False, Meiosis has twice as many steps as Mitosis. Including two Prophases, Metaphases, Anaphases, and Telophases.
200
What are the possible alleles of a person with the genotype TtBb?
Possible alleles are TB, Tb, tB, tb.
300
What does DNA stand for and where is it found in a cell?
DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid and it is found in the chromosomes inside the nucleus.
300
What replaces thymine in RNA?
Uracil replaces thymine
300
What is cystic fibrosis?
Cystic Fibrosis is a disease that causes the body to produce thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs, leads to infection, and blocks the pancreas. This leads to the stop of digestive enzymes from reaching the intestine where they are required in order to digest food.
300
What type of cell does Meiosis occur in- prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic cells
300
A mom carries the gene for color blindness but is not color blind, her husband is color blind. What is the probability of one of their offspring that is male will be colorblind ?
No need to show work on this problem.
50 % chance their male offspring will
400
Different forms of a specific gene are known as ______. Give an example.
Alleles, some examples are hair color. Brown, blonde, black, red, etc. Eye color. Blue, Green, Brown, etc. Height. Short, tall. (Many possible answers)
400
When does DNA copy itself?
During the S-phase. (Synthesis Phase) Right before cell division.
400
True or False: Color blindness is carries on the X chromosome.
True.
400
______ has half the amount of DNA as a diploid cell.
A haploid cell.
400
Draw a pedigree of the following situation.
A mom has sickle cell, her husband does not.
They have three girls. Two of which do not have the disease but one is a carrier. One of which has sickle cell disease.
Drawn on separate sheet of paper.
500
What does the law of independent assortment state?
It states that alleles segregate independently during gamete formation.
500
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a heritable change in genetic information.
500
What is muscular dystrophy?
It is a hereditary condition marked by progressive weakening and wasting of the muscles.
500
Explain steps of meiosis
Hint: 8 Steps
Prophase 1- Each replicated chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome.
Metaphase 1- Paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Anaphase 1- Spindle fibers pull each homologous chromosome pair toward opposite ends of the cell
Telophase I- nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosomes.
Prophase II-chromosomes, consisting of two chromatids become visible
Metaphase II-Chromosomes line up in center of cell
Anaphase II-Paired chromosomes separate
Telophase II- Same as telophase I but end product is four haploid cells.
500
Cross a mom with the genotype: TtBb
With a dad with the genotype: ttbb
Brown eyes (B) dominate over blue (b)
Tall (T) dominates over short (t)