Genetics Basics
What is the fundamental unit of heredity that carries genetic information?
What is DNA?
What type of genetic variation results from random changes in DNA sequences during replication?
What are mutations?
In a Punnett square, what do capital letters represent when denoting alleles?
What are dominant alleles?
What is the term for the process by which some individuals in a population contribute more offspring to the next generation than others?
What is natural selection?
What does DNA stand for?
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
What term refers to the different forms of a gene that can exist?
What are alleles?
What is the name of the process by which DNA is copied during cell division?
What is DNA replication?
If an individual has two different alleles for a particular gene, what is their genotype called?
What is heterozygous?
What type of mutation can be inherited?
What are gametic mutations?
What is the term for the twisted ladder-like structure of DNA?
What is the double helix?
In humans, how many pairs of chromosomes are there?
What are 23?
What is the term for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
What is crossing over?
What is the term for an individual with two identical alleles for a specific gene?
What is homozygous?
Migration in birds is an example of what type of adaptive feature?
What is behavioural?
DNA is often described as a double helix. What forms the "backbone" or "sides" of this helix?
What are sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules?
What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
In what type of genetic variation do offspring inherit a combination of genes from both parents?
What is sexual reproduction?
What is the probability of two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa) having an offspring with a homozygous recessive genotype (aa)?
What is 25% or 1/4?
Parthenogenesis is an example of what type of reproduction?
What is asexual reproduction?
In a DNA molecule, what holds the nitrogenous bases together in the centre of the double helix?
What are hydrogen bonds?
Which term describes the physical appearance of an organism based on its genes?
What is phenotype?
What are the three types of mutations?
What are Neutral/Silent, Harmful and Beneficial mutations?
What is a is a genetic breeding experiment used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype?
What is a test cross?
This phrase, often associated with Charles Darwin, describes the idea that individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes to the next generation in the process of evolution.
What is "survival of the fittest"?
What is the term for the mode of DNA replication in which each new DNA molecule consists of one original (parental) strand and one newly synthesized (daughter) strand?
What is semi-conservative replication?