Random 1
What is the physical appearance or observable characteristic of an organism (like brown eyes)?
Phenotype
What is a small section of a chromosome that determines a specific trait?
Gene
What do we call a visual profile of a person’s chromosomes, used to check for genetic disorders?
Karyotype
What scientific term describes how a species changes over a long period of time?
evolution
What do we call the actual genetic makeup or allele combinations (like BB or Bb) of an organism?
Genotype
What is the name of the grid or tool used by scientists to calculate and predict the probability of genetic outcomes?
Punnett square
How many chromosomes are in a normal human karyotype, in total?
there is a total of 46 chromosomes
What is a physical or behavioral trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment called?
adaptation
A) Which term means having two identical alleles for a specific trait (BB or bb)?
Which term means having two different alleles for a specific trait (Bb)?
Homozygous
Heterozygous
In a Punnett Square, if a dominant allele is represented by a capital letter (B), how is the recessive allele written?
Lowercase B
What process describes organisms that are better adapted to their environment, surviving and passing on their traits?
Natural selection
What famous scientist is credited with developing the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin
What is the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring called?
Heredity
If both parents are heterozygous (Bb and Bb), what is the probability (in percentage) that their offspring will have the recessive phenotype?
25%
Factors in an environment (like predators, limited food, or climate) that challenge an organism's survival are known as what?
selective pressure
What do we call a specific characteristic, such as eye color or plant height?
trait
what does it called when you have a error in DNA
A mutation
What is the main difference between natural selection and artificial selection?
Nature decides which traits are passed on in natural selection; humans decide in artificial selection