Phenotype/Genotype
The physical characteristics are said to be an organism's __________________.
phenotype
What is the replication fork?
Where the DNA is being replicated; where it is unwound
What are alleles?
alternate forms of genes
What are the sides of DNA composed of?
phosphate/sugar (deoxyribose)
The structure of DNA was discovered by
Watson and Crick
An organism's genetic make up is its ______________.
genotype
What does semiconservative mean in DNA?
one strand is a parent strand and serves as a template and one strand is a newly created strand.
What contributes to microevolution?
Genetic mutations
selective mating
natural selection
gene flow
What are the steps of DNA composed of. Name them specifically
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Who discovered transformation? What is transformation?
Fredrick Griffith, one organism can change another
The physical location of a genes on a chromosome is called
it locs
What does DNA helicase do?
unwinds the DNA strand
What is populational genetics?
The study of genetic variability within a population
What are the 3 differences in RNA and DNA?
RNA
ribose
Uracil instead of thymine
single stranded
DNA
deoxyribose
Thymine instead of uracil
double stranded
30% thymine
70% cytosine
100-30=70 for c and t
What would the gametes be for an individual that is TTGg?
Foil method
TG
Tg
TG
Tg
What molecule helps to create MRNA from DNA
RNA polymerase
What is the Hardy Weinberg Principle?
allows the calculation of allele frequencies in a given population.
P2 + 2pq + q2=1
What does the term antiparallel mean?
The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions. One in 5-3 and one 3-5
How many total of the following are there?
Nucleotides
Codons
Amino acids
4
64
20
Describe the genotype for the following:
homozygous dominant
homozygous recessive
heterozygous
BB
bb
Bb
Name the 3 types of RNA and their functions.
MRNA- carries DNA from nucleus to ribosome
RRNA- helps to construct ribosomes
TRNA- tRNA carries an amino acid to the ribosome; has anticodons that bind with codons on MRNA
Allele frequency will remain unchanged as long as theses 5 conditions are met.
No Mutations
No Gene Flow
Random Mating
No Genetic Drift
No Selection
What is complementary base pairing; who discovered it?
A always pairs to T
C always pairs to G
Discovered by Erwin Chargaff
Which nucleotides are purines? Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?
purines; Adenine and guanine
purines have a single ring
pyrimidines; Thymine and cytosine
pyrimidines have a double ring