Vocab 1
Define allele
Different forms of a gene
Define gene
A section on a chromosome that has genetic info for a trait
What causes a mutation?
When there is a change in the nitrogen sequence of a gene
What is the job of RNA?
To make proteins
What is a codon?
A series of three nitrogen bases.
Define heterozygous
Having 2 different alleles of a gene
Define homozygous
Having 2 of the same alleles of a gene
Define DNA and state where it is found
DNA is genetic material and is found in chromosomes in the nucleus
What are the 3 types of RNA
Messenger, transfer, and ribosomal
What was Mendel's conclusions after studying pea plants?
1. All traits come from sperm and egg
2. Dominant and recessive factors determine traits; dominant factors will block a recessive
The physical/outward appearance of traits. Eye color, freckles, etc.
Define RNA
Nucleic acid that makes proteins
What is a genotype and give an example
Genotypes are the genes (alleles) that control phenotype. An example would be both recessive traits for eye color (bb) to give you blue eyes.
Define translation
The process of RNA making a protein from amino acids
How many amino acids are there?
Define hybrid
Offspring of parents with different with different forms for a trait
Define codominance and given an example
Codominance is when both dominant traits are seen. Black chicken crossed with a white chicken makes a speckled chicken
What does DNA AND RNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Ribonucleic Acid
Define transcription
The process of making mRNA from DNA in the nucleus.
How many possible codon combinations exist?
64 different codons
Define polygenic inheritance and give two examples
Polygenic occurs when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait. Examples are skin color and height
Define incomplete dominance and give an example
Incomplete dominance is a blend/mix of the two dominant traits. An example is a cross of straight hair and curly hair makes wavy hair.
Name and pronounce the 4 nitrogen bases and state what pairs with what
Guanine and Cytosine
Adenine and Thymine
Name all 3 key differences of RNA and DNA
RNA has uracil instead of thymine
RNA is single stranded
RNA has ribose instead of deoxyribose
What is the fancy scientific name for making a protein?
Protein synthesis