Vocabulary
What is a Punnett Square?
A tool used to predict the traits of offspring.
What is DNA?
The coding instructions and carries the genetic information.
The genetic make up of an organism.
What is a phenotype?
The physical trait/characteristic represented by the genotype.
What is probability?
What is genetics?
The study of heredity and variation of inherited traits.
How does all of our DNA fit inside of our cells?
The DNA is coiled into chromosomes and stored inside the nucleus.
What are the types of genotypes?
Heterozygous, Homozygous Dominant, Homozygous Recessive
True or False.
Homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive and heterozygous are all examples of phenotypes.
FALSE!
How is probability related to genetics?
Punnett Squares are used to determine the probability of traits for offspring.
The passing of physical traits/characteristics from parent to offspring.
Where is DNA located in both types of cells?
Eukaryotic cells= Nucleus
Prokaryotic cells= Free flowing in the cytoplasm
Bb is an example of what type of genotype? Which type of trait will it represent?
Heterozygous- Dominant Trait
In people, freckles are dominant.
Use a Punnett square to determine allelic combinations among a woman who is heterozygous for freckles and a man who is homozygous recessive.
What RATIO of the offspring will have freckles?
2/4 will have freckles.
In humans, a unibrow is a recessive trait. The father is heterozygous, and the mother has a unibrow. What is the probability that their child will have a unibrow?
50% chance of the child having a unibrow.
An allele
What part of the DNA is a trait that is passed from parent to offspring?
Genes
In pea plants, round peas are dominant and wrinkled peas are recessive. A cross between a heterozygous plant for pea shape and a homozygous dominant pea plant was performed. 2/4 offspring were TT and 2/4 offspring were Tt. What genotypes created in this cross?
Homozygous dominant and heterozygous.
In sunflowers, fuzzy leaves are dominant over smooth leaves.
Cross a heterozygous sunflower for fuzzy leaves with a sunflower that is heterozygous for fuzzy leaves.
What RATIO of offspring will have fuzzy leaves?
What RATIO of offspring will have smooth leaves?
3/4 fuzzy leaves
1/4 smooth leaves
Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. If a heterozygous male has offspring with a heterozygous female, what is the probability they will have a with blue eyes child?
25% chance of having a child with blue eyes.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the genetic make up of an individual.
Phenotype is the physical traits/characteristics expressed by the genotype.
Can genetic DNA be changed? EXPLAIN!
Yes, due to mutations.
In deer, albinism is a recessive disorder in which cells lack pigment, causing the deer to be white.
Cross a homozygous dominant deer with an albino deer to determine what possible genotypes the offspring will be.
Heterozygous
What is the relationship between genotypes, phenotypes and alleles?
Alleles are a variation of traits.
Genotypes are created by alleles.
Phenotypes are the physical representation of the combination of alleles.
In humans, a hitch hikers thumb is a recessive trait. A heterozygote has offspring with a homozygous recessive. What percentage of their children will have hitch hikers thumb?
50%