Mitosis
Initiation of spindle formation and the condensation of duplicated chromosomes from the diffused network of chromatin
Prophase
How many daughter cells are made from one mother cell in meiosis?
4
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype: allelic constitution of each strain
Phenotype: physical appearance of each strain
Briefly describe what happens during anaphase.
Sister chromatids move to opposite poles
Explain recombination/crossing over.
Crossing over creates recombinant chromosomes by exchanging regions of non-sister chromatids between homologous chromosomes (maternal and paternal chromosomes)
What is the Principle of Dominance
In a heterozygote, one allele may hide the presence of another.
Unique regions of the chromosome that link the sister chromatids
Centromeres
What is the main difference in prophase between meiosis I and mitosis?
Chromosome condenses in both, but homologous chromosomes also pair up and exchange chromosomes
What is the probability of having offspring that have the recessive phenotype on a cross of Aa x aa
aa= 1/2
Aa= 1/2
50% or 1/2 chance of having offspring with recessive phenotype.
Protein structures associated with the centromeres of duplicated chromosomes.
Kinetochores
If one cell out of 4 from female meiosis becomes the egg, how many cells become sperm in male meiosis?
4
What is the probability of having a homozygote with the cross of Aa x Aa?
AA= 1/4
aa= 1/4
1/4 + 1/4 = 1/2
List the steps of the mitotic cycle in order.
Bonus: Describe each step of the cell cycle
Prophase --> Metaphase --> Anaphase --> Telophase --> Cytokinesis
How are meiosis and Punnett Squares related?
Punnett Squares predicts the different genotype possibilities of the offspring from gametes produced by a male and female.
What is the probability of having an offspring with the genotype of AaBb on a cross of AABb x AaBB?
Aa= 1/2
Bb= 1/2
1/2 x 1/2= 1/4 or 25% chance