Mutations
The structure that makes up chromosomes
What is DNA?
What is the term for a genetic cross involving two traits?
Dihybrid cross
How many daughter cells are produced as a result of meiosis?
What is 4 daughter cells
Name one source of variation
What is the name of the diagram that represents the possible combinations of alleles from two parents in a genetic cross?
What is a punnet square
The rungs in the DNA ladder are made of pairs of___
What is Nucleotide bases
When performing a dihybrid cross, what type of diagram is commonly used to show the possible combinations of alleles in the offspring
Punnet square
How many cell divisions occur during Meiosis
What is 2 cell divisions
Name three methods of variation in meiosis
What is crossing over, independent assortment and segregation
What is the term for an individual with two different alleles for a particular gene, such as Aa?
What is heterozygous
Name two external causes of mutations
What is radiation, chemicals, infectious agents
In a dihybrid cross involving two heterozygous parents (AaBb), how many different types of gametes can each parent produce?
What are four different types of gametes (AB, Ab, aB, ab)?
What type of cells are made during meiosis
What are gametes
Name the process by which offspring inherit a combination of genes from their parents, leading to genetic diversity.
What is sexual reproduction
What term describes the observable physical or biochemical traits of an organism?
What is a phenotype
The three gene or point mutations
What is insertion, deletion, substitution
Which genetic principle states that alleles for each trait segregate or separate during gamete formation and then randomly recombine in offspring?
What is Mendel's law of segregation?
What is the term for the random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes during meiosis
What is independent assortment
traits or characteristics that fall into distinct categories or discrete groups with no intermediate forms.
E.g- Blood type, Tongue rolling, Earlobe attachment.
What is discontinuous variation
In a monohybrid cross between two individuals (AA x aa), what is the probability of their offspring having the homozygous recessive genotype?
What is 0%
Which type of mutation involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, causing a shift in the reading frame of the genetic code?
What is a frameshift mutation
If you cross a heterozygous individual for both traits (AaBb) with another heterozygous individual (AaBb), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in their offspring?
What is 9:3:3:1
Name all the phases in Meiosis 1
What is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase & Cytokinesis
What is the primary source of genetic variation that arises due to random changes in DNA sequences over time?
What is mutation
In Mendel's monohybrid crosses, what is the principle that states that alleles segregate independently during gamete formation?
What is the law of segregation