Genetics

In the body

100

This holds the genetic information the the cell

DNA

200

What are the condensed version of DNA called where it is folded and wrapped around histones?

Chromosomes

300

How many chromosomes do people have? 

46 or 23 pairs

400

DNA turns into RNA by this process; RNA turns into protein by this process

transcription; translation

500

Cells with the same genetic code can look different, ,due to differences in the amount and expression of ________________________________. 

proteins

Heredity

100

Dominant alleles are represented by. . . . 

capital letters

200

Who first studied heredity and the passage of traits from one generation to the next?

Gregor Mendel

300

If an organism shows the recessive trait, its genotype will be. . . 

aa

400

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Genotype is the genetic code (AA, Aa, aa) where phenotype shows how it is physically expressed

500

What would cause a recessive allele to not be shown in the next generation, even if one of the parents shows the recessive trait?

Dominant gene masking the recessive gene

DNA Profiling

100

DNA profiling can be used for

relatedness, paternity, forensics, species ID

200

These enzymes cut DNA

restriction enzymes

300

This size DNA fragment stays towards the top of the gel, this size DNA fragment migrates towards the bottom

large; small

400

Write the steps for DNA profiling

get DNA; cut DNA; run gel; add radioactive label; analyze

500

DNA's backbone has a ________ charge due to the _______________ in it. 

negative, phosphate

Punnet Squares

100

What is the punnet square used for?

To determine the outcome of genetic crossings.

200

A black chicken (BB) is crossed with a black chicken (Bb). What percentage of offspring will be black?

100%

300

Bb is crossed with bb. This percentage of offspring will be recessive. 

50%

400

Having dimples is dominant (D). Not having dimples is recessive. (d) Both parents are heterozygous for the dominant trait. What percentage of the children will NOT have dimples?

25%

500

_________ is when both alleles are blended together (red + white = pink) and _______ is when both alleles are expressed simultaneously (white with brown spots)

incomplete dominance; codominance

Mutations

100

Mutations may be caused by

radiation, chemicals

200

this type of mutation has no change in amino acid sequence

silent

300

this type of mutation results in a premature stopping of protein synthesis

nonsense

400

an insertion or deletion of a nucleotide results in a 

frameshift mutation

500

Original DNA: GCATCC. Original DNA's mRNA is: _________. Mutated DNA: CCATCC. Mutated DNA's mRNA is: _________. 

CGUAGG; GGUAGG