Terminology
This double-helix-shaped molecule contains the instructions used in the development and functioning of all living things.
What is DNA?
Two linked spirals that resemble a twisted ladder.
What does double helix mean?
A chain of amino acids that have been linked together in a certain order.
What is a protein?
Different versions of the same gene.
What is an allele?
The process where a molecule of DNA is copied.
What is DNA replication?
A section of DNA that contains the instructions for building a protein.
What is a gene?
The 'rules' that control which bases pair together. A pairs with T and C pairs with G.
What is complementary base pairing?
Forming hair and nails, fighting disease, carrying oxygen around the body.
What are three jobs that proteins complete in our body?
You only need one of these alleles in order to see the trait.
What is a dominant allele?
The process where a single cell split in two.
What is cell division?
Two or more versions of the same gene.
What is an allele?
The bonds that hold bases together.
What are hydrogen bonds?
The order of the bases in a DNA strand.
What controls the order of amino acids in a protein?
You need two of these alleles in order to see the trait.
What is a recessive allele?
What is the nucleus?
In DNA, adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine are examples of these fundamental components.
James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin
What three scientists discovered the structure of DNA?
A sequence of three bases that stands for an amino acid. E.g.) CTT
What is a codon?
One refers to the genes that you have.
The other refers to the traits that you see.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
What are chromosomes?
The basic building block of DNA. It contains a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a base.
What are nucleotides?
A DNA strand reads AATCGCA. What will the complementary (matching) strand read?
TTAGCGT
20
How many different amino acids are in the human body?
This is used to determine the different possible genotypes that could come from two parents.
What is a Punnett Square?
46
How many chromosomes are in a human cell?