DNA Structure & Replication
RNA VS DNA
Protein Synthesis
Chromosomes & Cell Types
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
100
In humans, where does DNA replication take place?
nucleus
100
RNA contain what sugar and base
ribose and uracil
100
What does mRNA do during protein synthesis
delivers DNA’s instructions to the ribosome
100
A sperm cell of an octopus has 14 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a stomach cell have?
28
100
In which phase of meiosis does crossover occur?
Prophase I
200
The letters A, G, C, and T represent what in nucleotides?
nitrogen bases
200
Which molecule has thymine as one of its bases?
DNA
200
The bond between amino acids in a protein is called what?
peptide bond
200
Two similar chromosomes, one from each parent, are called what?
homologous chromosomes
200
Which phase of cell division lines up chromosomes single file in the middle?
metaphase II
300
What is the process called when two new DNA molecules are created from one original molecule?
replication
300
Compare the sugar molecules found in DNA and RNA.
deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA
300
How many amino acids are coded by the mRNA sequence AUGUAC?
2
300
Which cells are not formed by meiosis
Somatic Cells (body cells)
300
How many chromosomes are present in a gamete compared to a somatic cell?
half as many
somatic- 2n
gamete- n
400
Why is the replication process called “semi-conservative”?
because each new molecule contains one original and one new strand
400
Which molecule leaves the nucleus to deliver instructions for making proteins?
mRNA
400
During which process is mRNA made from DNA?
transcription
400
What happens during anaphase II of meiosis
sister chromatids separate
400
What is the purpose of meiosis?
to create gametes with a haploid number of chromosomes
500
Draw and label a nucleotide on your whiteboard.
500
Contrast RNA with DNA, listing at least two differences
RNA being single-stranded, containing uracil instead of thymine, Ribose sugar
500
Use the genetic code to translate to AA
mRNA: AUGGCGAGGUGA
Amino Acids- Met-Gly-Arg-Stop
500
If a mosquito has 6 diploid chromosomes, how many does it have in a haploid cell?
3
500
List one key difference between meiosis and mitosis.
meiosis creates genetically different cells, while mitosis creates identical cells