DNA Structure
What are the 4 DNA Nitrogenous Bases
A, T, C, G
What happens during transcription?
mRNA copy is made of a gene
How many chromosomes does a human cell have?
46
How do all cells have the same genes, but create different proteins?
Gene regulation/expression
What organelle is used as the machine for proteins? What RNA is is made of?
Ribosome, rRNA
What is contained in one Nucleotide?
A nitrogenous base, a phosphate, and a sugar
Where does transcription occur?
The nucleus
The complete sequence of an organism's genetic material (DNA)
Genome
What is the structure that STOPS the expression of a gene?
Repressor
During protein synthesis, this molecule carries the correct amino acids.
tRNA
What is the function of DNA?
Contains all of an organisms genetic information needed to make proteins.
During protein synthesis, this molecule carries a copy of the gene
mRNA
An image of the chromosomal makeup of an individual
Karyotype
The process where a less specialized cell develops into a more specialized cell type with distinct structures and functions, driven by changes in gene expression.
Differentiation
What are the two things attached to a tRNA?
amino acid and anti codon
Which hypothesis is true for DNA replication?
Semiconservative replication hypothesis
The process of reading a gene and turning it into a protein.
Protein synthesis
Chromosome-related syndromes, such as Down syndrome and Turner syndrome can occur as a result of
Nondisjunction
How is structure tied to function?
Structure creates function
Match the mRNA sequence for this anti codon on tRNA:
A-A-U
U-U-A
What is the complementary DNA strand:
A – G – T – A – C
T - C - A - T - G
How are the bases in DNA different from the bases in RNA?
T does not exist in RNA, it is replaced with U
20,000
If a cell has the gene for Hemoglobin B activated, what type of cell is it likely to be?
Red blood cell
Decode the following protein:
AUG-UCG-ACU-GCA-UAA
MET(Start)-SER-THR-ALA-TER (Stop)