DNA Structure
The twisted ladder shape of DNA.
Double helix
An organism with two identical alleles for a trait.
Homozygous
A mutation that shifts the reading frame of a gene.
Frameshift mutation
The molecule that carries amino acids to ribosomes.
tRNA
The process of creating identical DNA molecules.
Cloning
The process by which DNA copies itself.
Replication
The physical expression of a gene
Phenotype
A mutation that creates a premature stop codon.
Nonsense mutation
The process of mRNA synthesis from DNA.
Transcription
The technique for amplifying DNA segments. (hint: PCR)
Polymerase Chain Reaction
The sugar found in DNA nucleotides.
Deoxyribose
The ratio of phenotypes in a heterozygous F1 generation.
3:1
A mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence.
Silent mutation
The type of dominance where both alleles are expressed equally.
Codominance
A circular DNA molecule used in gene cloning. (hint:Plasma)
Plasmid
The bonds that hold DNA base pairs together.
Hydrogen bonds
A cross that examines two traits simultaneously.
Dihybrid cross
A mutation that changes a single nucleotide.
Point mutation
The number of chromosomes in a human gamete.
23
The enzyme used to cut DNA at specific sequences.
Restriction enzyme
The scientist who discovered DNA’s structure with Watson.
Crick
Mendel’s law stating alleles separate during gamete formation.
Law of Segregation
A mutation caused by UV radiation.
Thymine dimer
The scientist who pioneered pea plant experiments. (hint:G M
Gregor Mendel
The organism used to produce human insulin.
Escherichia coli