DNA replication
what enzyme unzips the DNA strand
Helicase
Where in the cell does transcription occur
In the nucleus
What is natural selection
Process where organisms with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more successfully.
What does the term “adaptation” mean in biology
A trait that improves an organism’s chance of survival and reproduction
What is the capital city of Australia
Canberra
What is the role of primase during replication
It lays down an RNA primer for DNA polymerase to begin replication
What is the function of mRNA
to create and transport a copy of DNA
Give one example of artificial selection
Dog breeding, selective breeding of crops, etc
What does the phrase “survival of the fittest” mean in relation to evolution
The organisms best adapted to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
How many continents are there on Earth
7
Why is one strand called the "leading strand" and the other the "lagging strand"
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in one direction (5’ to 3’), so one strand is continuous and the other is made in fragments.
Which enzyme is responsible for transcription
RNA polymerase
what is one of the disadvantages of selective breeding
Reduced genetic diversity, which can increase disease risk.
What is genetic variation, and why is it important for evolution
Differences in DNA/traits within a population; it provides the raw material for natural selection
Who painted the Mona Lisa
Leonardo da Vinci
What are Okazaki fragments, and on which strand are they found
Short DNA fragments formed on the lagging strand during replication
What would be the mRNA sequence from this DNA strand: 5’-TAC GGT CAT-3’
3’-AUG CCA GUA-5’
Give one real-world example of natural selection happening today
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria; pesticide resistance in insects; etc
What does the term “speciation” mean
The formation of new species over time
what does www stand for
world wide web
If a DNA sequence is 5’-ATCGTACGA-3’, what is the complementary strand
3’-TAGCATGCT-5’
translate this RNA sequence into amino acids:5’-UAC CGA AUU-3'
Amino acids = Tyr – Arg – Ile
Farmers breed only the fastest-growing chickens to produce meat. Explain why this is artificial selection and how it differs from natural selection.
This is artificial selection because humans are choosing traits, not the environment; it is intentional and faster than natural selection.
Explain how isolation can lead to the formation of new species
Populations separated by barriers (mountains, rivers, etc.) evolve independently until they can no longer interbreed — speciation
what is the furthest planet from the sun in our solar system
Neptune