DNA
The shape of a DNA molecule, often described as a twisted ladder.
What is a double helix?
The symbol used to represent a male in a pedigree chart.
What is a square?
The physical appearance or observable characteristics of an organism.
What is a phenotype?
The letters on the outside of a Punnett square represent these reproductive cells from the parents.
What are gametes?
The chemical formula for water.
What is H2O?
This molecule is responsible for storing and carrying the genetic instructions for all living organisms.
What is DNA?
The symbol for a female who is affected by the genetic trait being studied.
What is a shaded circle?
The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by letters like 'Aa' or 'BB'.
What is a genotype?
The diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of a genetic cross.
What is a Punnett square?
The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
What is the mitochondria?
This is the complementary base sequence for a DNA strand with the sequence 'ATGC'.
What is 'TACG'?
A horizontal line connecting a male and a female on a pedigree chart shows this relationship.
What is a marriage or mating?
The type of allele that will always be expressed in a heterozygous genotype.
What is the dominant allele?
In a cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, this is the genotype of all the offspring.
What is heterozygous?
The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create their own food.
What is photosynthesis?
This process occurs when a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself before a cell divides.
What is replication?
This genetic disorder, which affects the lungs and digestive system, is caused by a recessive allele and is often identified when unaffected parents have an affected child.
What is cystic fibrosis?
This is the genotype for a homozygous recessive trait.
What is 'rr' (or 'bb', or any two identical lowercase letters)?
The expected phenotypic ratio of offspring from a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents.
What is 3:1?
The largest organ in the human body.
What is the skin?
The two molecules that make up the 'backbone' or sides of the DNA double helix ladder.
What are deoxyribose sugar and phosphate?
The term for a person who is not affected by a recessive genetic disorder but still has the allele for it.
What is a carrier?
The phenotype for an organism with the genotype 'Rr', where 'R' is the dominant allele for round seeds.
What is a round seed?
The probability of having an offspring with the genotype 'Rr' from a cross between an 'Rr' parent and an 'rr' parent.
What is 50%?
The common name for the planet Mars, due to the iron oxide on its surface.
What is the Red Planet?