DNA
What is DNA?
This molecule carries genetic information in most living organisms.
What is ribose?
This sugar is found in RNA instead of deoxyribose.
A Punnett square is used to predict this.
The probability of offspring genotypes or phenotypes.
What is heredity?
This is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
What is the ribosome?
This organelle is the site of protein synthesis.
What is a double helix?
The shape of DNA is commonly described as this.
What does RNA contain in its base instead of Thymine?
Uracil
What is 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa
If two heterozygous parents (Aa × Aa) are crossed, this is the genotypic ratio
What are alleles?
Different forms of a gene are called these.
What is transcription?
The process of copying DNA into mRNA.
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
What is tRNA?
This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome.
What is the dominant phenotype?
If A is dominant and a is recessive, this phenotype appears in Aa offspring
What is homozygous? Give example
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait (AA or aa) is described by this term.
What is a codon?
Three nucleotides that code for one amino acid are called this.
What are hydrogen bonds?
This type of bond holds complementary DNA bases together.
What is translation?
This process uses mRNA to make a protein
In a cross between a heterozygous parent and a homozygous recessive parent (Aa × aa), what is the probability that an offspring will have the recessive phenotype?
50%
What is complete dominance?
When one allele completely masks another, this pattern of inheritance occurs.
What is mRNA?
This molecule determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
Name the scientists who found DNA.
James Watson and Francis Crick
What is rRNA?
This type of RNA makes up part of the ribosome.
Two heterozygous parents for a dominant trait (Aa × Aa) have four children. What is the probability that exactly three of the four children will show the dominant phenotype?
3 out of 4; 75%
In humans, cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele (f). If two carriers (Ff × Ff) have a child, what is the probability that the child will have cystic fibrosis?
25%
What is a mutation?
This occurs when the DNA sequence is altered.