1
separation of paired alleles
Segregation
scientific study of heredity
Genetics
offspring of crosses between parents with DIFFERENT traits
Hybrid
different form of a gene
Allele
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thereby determines a trait
gene
a specific characteristic such as hair color, eye color, height, etc...
trait
if single genes were allowed to self-pollinate they would produce offspring identical to themselves
true-breeding
organisms that have 2 identical alleles for a particular trait
homozygous
organisms that have 2 different alleles for the same trait
heterozygous
the visible expression or the physical characteristics of alleles
phenotype
genotype
when one allele is not completely dominant over another
incomplete dominance
Meiosis is different from mitosis; meiosis produces ___ (how many) __________cells (what kind: haploid or diploid?)
4 haploid
Mitosis produces ___ (how many ?) __________ (haploid or diploid?) cells.
2 genetically identical diploid cells
both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype; example; type AB in human bloodtype
co-dominance
traits controlled by 2 or more genes
Polygenic traits
structure in prophase of meiosis that contains 2 chromatids & forms when each chromosome pairs with its homologous chromosome.
Tetrad
homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
crossing over
this shows the relative locations of genes on a chromosome
Gene map
universal blood type that can receive from all
AB+
universal blood donor type
O-
The number of chromosomes in humans
46
the heredity molecule in all living things
DNA
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to an mRNA
anticodon
enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
DNA polymerase