Microbial Genetics
What happens during a frameshift?
a nitrogenous base is taken out of the sequence, completely changing the following amino acids.
What is a virion?
A complete virus particle that is capable of delivering its genome into the host cell for reproduction
Describe difference between antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs.
Antibiotics = naturally produced, effects bacteria
Antimicrobial drugs = drug, effects microbes in general
Both have inhibitory or killing effects on microbes.
T/F; amphotericin B is antibacterial drug
FALSE; it's antifungal
What does the Ames test detect?
Potential mutagens and carcinogens
What are the three structural components a virus CAN have?
DNA/RNA,
Protein coat (capsids, capsomeres,)
Envelope/Non-enveloped
Order these from least selective to most:
- Antimicrobial drugs
- Antiseptics
- Disinfectants
Antiseptics
Most = antimicrobial drugs
Which drug (that we reviewed today) competes of guanosine triphosphate?
Acyclovir
NAME THE PROCESS: cells transfer DNA in a solution to bacterium/yeast.
Transformation
Name the 6 stages of multiplication for the influenza virus.
Binding,
Penetration
Uncoating
Biosynthesis
Assembly
Release
What do B-lactam rings bind and inactivate?
penicillin-binding proteins (PBP), which act as peptidases
How does sulfa drugs/TMP inhibit folic acid synthesis?
Inhibits the two enzymes responsible for folic acid synthesis
• dihydropteroate synthetase
• dihydrofolate reductase
Conjugation
What is the function of protease for HIV?
Name the FIVE classes/targets of antibacterial drugs?
Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole (synergize OR antagonize) with/against each other?
Synergize! They both inhibit the two enzymes of the folic acid pathway
Transformation, transduction, conjugation etc. would be an example of lateral/horizontal transfer or vertical transfer?
Lateral/horizontal transfer
___ is an acellular organism with no DNA/RNA.
prions
What does vancomycin bind to in the peptide chain?