Genetics
What does DNA stand for
DeoxyRibonucleic Acid
Define Adaptations
A structure or behaviour that helps an organism survive in it's environment
what can a mutation in the genotype lead to?
a change in the phenotype
What is evolution?
A) The sudden appearance of new species overnight
B) Change in living things over time
C) Animals turning into robots
D) Plants growing faster in sunlight
B - change in living things over time
What is Mr. Dempsey's favourite animal? Justify your answer
Sea otter :) Because they have favourite rocks
DNA is made up of lots of little ______
Nucleotides
Define and provide an example of a structural adaptation
Physical features of an organism, like body parts or coverings, that help it survive and reproduce in its environment.
Example: Giraffes' long neck
In your own words, define the term 'mutation'
A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism’s DNA
Define the term "extinction"
extinction is the dying out or extermination of a species
What are the 4 Nucleotides? (Bonus points if you can give the full name!)
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Define and provide an example of a behavioural adaptation
An action done on purpose to help an organism survive in its environment.
Example: Bears hibernate during the winter to preserve energy
what would a chromosomal mutation look like?
a change in either the structure of the chromosome or in the total count of the chromosomes (trisomy, monosomy). These mutations could lead to adverse effects depending on what the chromosome codes for in the organism.
Why might adaptations promote evolution?
Animals that possess favourable attributes are more likely to have better survivability. This survivability can lead to this attribute becoming more frequent in the gene pool, thus becoming a more common and 'normal' attribute over time.
What do we call a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment?
A) Mutation
B) Evolution
C) Adaptation
D) Reproduction
C - Adaptation
A triplet of Nucleotides is called a ?????
Codon!!
Define and provide an example of physiological adaptations
Involuntary actions or changes to help an organism survive
example: penguins decreasing their heart rate as they dive deeper to preserve oxygen
All mutations are harmful to the organism
True or false?
False, they can benefit the organism too. Additionally, they can serve no profit/ loss to the organism.
Did humans ever evolve from monkeys?
yes or no?
No - although we share ~ 98.7 % of our dna with monkeys, we are considered a 'close ancestor'
What are the 3 main parts that make up a DNA strand?
nucleotide / nitrogenous base, sugar group, phosphate backbone/ group
What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
Double helix
You’ve just discovered a creature living in a volcano. Name three adaptations it would need to survive and explain each.
Heat-resistant enzymes and cells (physiological)
Thick, heat-proof outer skin (structural)
Burrowing to cooler areas (behavioural)
Frame-shift mutation
What do you believe the term "Natural selection" means?
When organisms are more suitable for their environment due to adaptations and mutations they possess, they have an increased survival chance/survivability. This attribute becomes favourable and provides the organism with an advantage over other organisms.
What would be the effect if an individual's karyotype indicated the 23rd chromosome pair of X X Y?
called "trisomy". This individual would possess both male and female attributes.