Mendelian Genetics
What plant did Mendel perform his initial experiments on?
Pea Plants
What type of mutation involves the addition of 1 or more base pairs into a gene?
Insertion
What is the purpose of Transcription?
To make an mRNA copy of a strand of DNA
Name 1 form of asexual reproduction
Binary Fission
Spore formation
Regeneration
Parthenogenesis
Vegetative propagation
Name the nucleotide pairs that make up DNA strands.
Adenine - Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine
Bonus 50 points for Uracil
Why was it important that Mendel grew his pea plants in a garden rather than wild?
So he could control every aspect of the growing environment.
What is the mutation that causes the loss of 1 or more base pairs of a gene?
Deletion
What is the purpose of translation?
mRNA is decoded to produce new proteins (amino acids)
Name an organism that can reproduce asexually.
Komodo Dragon
Bacteria
Nurse shark
Spider plant
Genetic mutations can be ___________, ___________, or _________________.
Beneficial, neutral, harmful
What is the genetic definition of a purebred organism?
A homozygous allele pair (ex. TT, yy)
What mutation would describe this change?
The boy popped his yellow balloon
The boy popped his yellow baffoon
Substitution
What does the enzyme DNA polymerase I do?
Removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides.
What are 2 advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
A: happens quickly, no need to search for a mate, etc.
D: no parental care, less complex organisms, less genetic diversity, etc.
Describe a frameshift mutation.
A mutation in the genetic sequence throws off the grouping of 3 codons, and causes the wrong combinations of codons to be read.
Draw a Punnett square showing the potential offspring of a parent with Heterozygous alleles for height (T is dominant, t is recessive) and a parent with homozygous recessive alleles for height.
Answers will be drawn
Are the effects of a substitution mutation harmful, neutral, beneficial, or a combination?
No looking in your journal for this one!
Harmful and neutral
What is the difference between DNA replication and DNA Transcription and Translation?
Replication is making a complete duplicate of a cell (used in binary fission, mitosis)
Transcription and Translation are the processes that lead to new proteins.
Define Binary Fission
An organism splitting into two pieces with identical genetic information (creating a clone of self)
DAILY DOUBLE:
For 800 points - what is the term for an animal that reproduces sexually, has relatively short gestation periods, has large litters of offspring, and offers little to no parental care.
r-Selective
What are all 7 phenotypes that Mendel looked for in his pea plants?
Pod shape, pod color, seed shape, seed color, flower color, plant size, flower position
What is Huntington's Disease, and what kind of genetic mutation causes it?
Causes nerve decay in your brain, and caused by insertion.
Transcribe and Translate this DNA sequence. You must show all 4 steps to get full points.
GAATAGAAA
CUUAUCUUU
GAAUAGAAA
L. I. P
e. s. h
u. o. e
L. I. F
List the 6 types of vegetative propagation.
Bulbs, tubers, rhizomes, runners, cuttings, grafting
Give the definition and one example of Incomplete Dominance and Codominance in traits.
Incomplete - neither inherited trait can dominate, so you get a mixture of traits (ex. snapdragon petal colors blending, wavy hair, grey fur, etc.)
Codominance - both dominant traits are expressed (AB blood type, roan cows, speckled chickens, etc.)