Genetic Structures
What is the base pairing rule in DNA?
A pairs with T, C pairs with G
What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
What is it called when humans breed plants or animals to increase the traits we desire?
Artificial selection or Selective breeding
Who proposed the theory of Evolution?
Charles Darwin
These are rocks that contain imprints which provide evidence for the evolutionary change from now extinct species that led to modern species.
Fossils
Which is smallest?
Chromosome, Gene, Nucleus
Gene
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Inserting a gene from one organism into the DNA of another organism is called what?
Genetic engineering
Does evolution occur faster in a stable environment or a changing environment?
Changing environment
These structures may differ in function but they have similar anatomy due to common ancestry:
Analogous
Homologous
Vestigial
Homologous (like bird wings and human arms).
Humans have how many chromosomes in a gamete?
23
Transcribe the following DNA into mRNA:
DNA: T A C G G C A T T
mRNA:
mRNA: A U G C C G U A A
What is one advantage of genetic engineering over selective breeding?
The results are faster and more guaranteed.
If all members of a species fail to evolve or adapt to their environment, the species will likely become _____________.
Extinct
These are structures that have no current function to an organism. Essentially, these structures are leftovers from a past ancestor.
Analogous
Homologous
Vestigial
Vestigial
What type of mutation is shown?
Original: T A C G G C A T T
Mutant: T A C G G C C A T T
Addition or Insertion
Translate the following mRNA into amino acids:
mRNA: A U G C C G U A A
Met - Pro - Stop
When the nucleus of a body cell (A) is transferred to an enucleated egg cell (B) and implanted into the uterus of a female (C), the resulting cloned offspring will be identical to:
A, B, or C?
A - that's where the DNA came from
What conditions must be present in order for evolution to occur? (There are 4 - name at least 2).
Overproduction
Variation
Competition/Limited Resources
Changing Environment
Also acceptable: Natural Selection/Survival of the Fittest
Based on the DNA sequences below, which two species are most closely related?
A: CACGTGGACTGA
B: CACGTGGACAGA
C: CACGTGGACAGA
D: CACGTAGACTGA
B and C
Give two differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded.
DNA has Thymine, RNA has Uracil.
Would the following mutation affect the protein? Explain.
Original: T A C G G C A T T
Mutant: T A C G G A A T T
No, it still codes for the same amino acids.
What is one disadvantage of cloning?
Clones can't reproduce with each other, Clones are all susceptible to the same diseases.
Evolution is most easily observed in species that:
a) reproduce quickly and have short lives
b) reproduce quickly and have long lives
c) reproduce slowly and have quick lives
d) reproduce slowly and have long lives
a) reproduce quickly and have short lives
(Like antibiotic resistant bacteria!!)
How does the theory of Plate Tectonics provide evidence for Evolution?
Fossils of the same species can be found on different continents.