Inherited or Acquired
Geno and Phenotypes
Punnett Squares
DNA
Genes and the environment/lifestyle
100
Define an acquired trait.
What is a trait that develops or you learn after you are born. They stop with you, they are NOT passed onto the next generation.
100
What is a genotype?
*definition
What is the genetic makeup of an organism.
100
What is a Punnett square used for?
What is a diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of offsprings from a set of crossed parents.
100
How many chromosome pairs do humans have?
What is 23 pairs of chromosomes.
100
If both parents are heterozygous carriers of a recessive genetic condition, what is the chance their children will also have the genetic condition?
What is 25%.
If both parents are heterozygous, the Punnett square would include the following genotypes:
Ex. GG
GG, Gg, Gg= 75% not getting the condition
gg= 25% inheriting the recessive condition
200
Define an inherited trait.
What is a trait that is coded in your DNA. You receive them from your parents. It can be passed onto the next generation.
200
What is a phenotype?
What is an individual's observable traits. It is determined by genetic make-up and environmental factors.
200
Looking at the Punnett Square below, how would you describe the phenotype of RR?
Dominant trait= Normal Hairline
Recessive trait- Receding hairline
What is a normal hairline.
RR= homozygous dominant. The dominant trait is a normal hairline.
200
How many bases make up the nucleotides in DNA?
What is 4 bases.
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)
200
What is a genetic disorder?
*definition, not an example*
What is an inherited genetic condition caused by abnormal DNA.
300
What type of trait are these:
What are Acquired Traits.
300
Explain the difference between Homozygous and Heterozygous.
Homozygous- the alleles passed on are the SAME
Heterozygous- the alleles passed on are DIFFERENT.
300
How would you fill in the Punnett square below?
Top Left: BB
Top right: Bb
Bottom Left: Bb
Bottom Right: bb
300
What do the bases of DNA do?
Why are the important?
The different combinations of DNA bases code for different proteins to be made. Proteins are the building blocks to everything in the body.
300
Give one example of how the environment can influence genetics.
(think notes from last week)
-Light (Sun & UV radiation)
-Temperature
400
What type of traits are these?
Broken tailbone or a scar on your hand.
What are acquired traits.
400
The genotypes below are examples of what?
HH, BB, LL
What is homozygous dominant.
400
Using the Punnett Square below, determine the percentage of dominant and recessive offspring.
B= Brunette Hair
b= Blonde Hair
Brunette hair offspring: 75%
Blonde hair offspring: 25%
400
What shape is DNA?
What is a double helix. (A twisted ladder)
400
Give one example of how lifestyle choices can influence genetics.
(think notes from last week)
-Nutrition
-Exercise or Lack of it
-Drugs or Alcohol
500
Give an example of an inherited trait.
-eye color, hair color, height, body shape, head size
etc...
500
The genotypes below are examples of what?
Hh, Pp, Yy
What is heterozygous.
500
If you breed two pea plants together, and one has inflated pods (Ii) and the other has constricted pods (ii), what are the possible seed outcomes?
Ii- Inflated pods (50%)
ii-Constricted pods (50%)
500
What is genetic engineering?
What is a process that uses technology to alter the DNA makeup of an organism.
This could involve changing a single base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a region of DNA or adding a new segment of DNA.
500
What is an innate behavior?
*definition, not example*
What is a behavior that is genetically hardwired in an organism and can be done without thought or prior experience.
Ex. Reflex
Pulling your hand off of something hot, Reacting when something is throw at your face