DNA Trait Relationships
This person is considered the father of genetics.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
Remember, he discovered his principals of genetics on accident when crossbreeding pea plants.
Codons are read in groups of this many letters.
What is 3-letters?
This is the term for a genetic disorder being passed down to offspring.
What is inherited?
This is the term for having mixed alleles. (Aa)
What is heterozygous?
Remember, homozygous can be dominant (AA) or recessive (aa).
This nucleotide base bonds with thymine.
What is adenine? (A)
This is what the shape or structure of DNA is referred to as.
What is a double helix?
This is the term for the differences in DNA sequences among individuals within a population.
What is genetic variation?
This mutation can be a substitution, insertion, or deletion mutation.
What is a point mutation?
Know what happens with all three types.
This is the main internal cause of genetic mutations.
What are errors made during transcription?
Know the external causes as well!
This nucleotide base bonds with guanine.
What is cytosine? (C)
Humans possess this many pairs of chromosomes.
What are 23?
Remember, there are 46 total chromosomes giving a set from each parent.
This is a process that causes genetic variation.
What is independent assortment?
Remember, it also occurs through mutations and crossing over during meiosis.
Most genetic mutations are caused by this autosomal pattern.
What is recessive?
This is the term for the agreed upon moral standards for scientific testing.
What are ethics?
This DNA nucleotide bonds with adenine.
What is thymine? (T)
Remember, DNA and RNA are slightly different.
This is the term for a segment of DNA that gives instructions for making one specific protein.
What is a gene?
Populations with this type of variation are more likely to recover during succession.
What is more variation?
Remember, the more diverse organisms that exist, the faster an ecosystem can recover after a disturbance.
This type of mutation causes a shift in the protein coding region, causing the wrong protein to be translated.
What is a frameshift mutation?
Remember, these usually result in nonfunctional proteins.
This is the term for when a population of organisms are able to pass on more desirable traits ensuring their survival over time.
What is natural selection?
Remember, this leads to organisms that are better suited to survive, so they are more likely to pass down favorable traits to offspring.
This nucleotide base bonds with cytosine.
What is guanine? (G)
This is a trait that is learned and molded from an organism's environment, such as accent.
What are acquired traits?
This process occurs first between translation, expression, and transcription.
What is transcription?
Remember, translation occurs second and "reads" the transcribed codon before it expresses the gene through the created amino acid.
This type of mutation is harmful near the front of a protein chain as it changes a codon into a stop codon.
What is a nonsense mutation?
This type of mutation causes a change in DNA but produces the same amino acid due to redundancy in the genetic code.
What are silent mutations?
This nucleotide base replaces thymine in RNA.
What is uracil?