DNA
This molecule contains the instructions that determine how living things grow and function.
What is DNA?
These are small sections of DNA that control traits.
What are genes?
A characteristic passed from parents to offspring.
What is a trait?
This scientist studied pea plants and is known as the "Father of Genetics."
Who is Gregor Mendel?
This diagram predicts the probability of offspring traits.
What is a Punnett square?
DNA stands for this: Deoxyribonucleic
What is acid? *FREE POINT*
Humans typically inherit two of these for each gene—one from each parent.
What are alleles?
Traits controlled by genes rather than environment are called this type of trait.
What are inherited traits?
This term describes the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
What is inheritance?
A Punnett square usually has this number of boxes.
What is 4?
DNA is found inside this part of the cell.
What is the nucleus?
When both alleles for a gene are the same, the organism is described as this.
What is homozygous?
The genetic makeup of an organism for a specific trait.
What is a genotype?
Mendel discovered that the traits are controlled by pairs of factors, which we now call this.
What are genes?
This type of cross studies only one trait.
What is a monohybrid cross?
These twisted ladder-shaped structures are formed when DNA coils tightly.
What are chromosomes?
When two different alleles are present for a gene, the organism is this.
What is heterozygous?
A trait that can mask another trait in an organism.
What is a dominant trait?
Mendel's experiments showed that one trait can be stronger than another; this is called this type of trait.
What is dominant?
If both parents are heterozygous (Aa x Aa), the probability of a recessive offspring is this fraction.
What is 1/4?
This famous scientist discovered the double helix structure of DNA with Francis Crick.
Who is James Watson? *FREE POINT*
The observable physical expression of genes (like hair color or height) is called this.
What is a phenotype?
A trait that only appears when two copies of the allele are present.
What is a recessive trait?
The rule stating that allele pairs separate when gametes form.
What is the Law of Segregation? *FREE POINT*
Punnett squares show this, not the exact outcome of every offspring.
What is probability?