Cell Cycle
The four stages of the cell cycle.
What is G1, S, G2, and M?
The four nucleotides in DNA
The reason different versions of p53 exist
What is a genetic mutation to the p53 gene?
An abnormal cell that divides uncontrollably
What is a cancerous cell?
A triplet of RNA nucelotides that correspond with an amino acid
What is a codon?
DNA is wound up into this structure, and humans have a total of 46.
What is a chromosome?
All genetic material is located in this organelle
What is the nucleus?
The portion of our DNA that encodes for the p53 protein
What is p53 gene?
A lump or mass of abnormal cells that don't spread and cause illness.
What is a benign tumor?
This is the site of the cell where mRNA is translated into an amino acid chain
What is a ribosome?
The stage of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs
What is S phase?
The nucleotide present in RNA that is not present in DNA
What is Uracil (U)?
The loss of functional p53 greatly increases the risk of this disease
What is cancer?
As the number of _____ increases, the average rate of mutations increases, thus increasing the risk of cancer.
What is cell division?
The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome after transcription
What is tRNA?
The stage where one cell splits into two daughter cells?
The segment of a chromosome that codes for a particular trait or protein
What is a gene?
When p53 detects severe, unrepairable DNA damage, it initiates this process of programmed cell death
What is apoptosis?
What is metastasis?
The process of DNA serving as a template for RNA
Transcription
The points in the cell cycle where p53 checks if cells have everything they need before progressing to the next phase.
What is a checkpoint?
It is the five-carbon sugar that forms the structural backbone of a DNA molecule.
Deoxyribose
Despite having much larger body sizes and cell counts than humans, these massive mammals are largely protected from cancer because they possess 20 pairs of p53 genes.
This leading cause of cancer is the top preventable cause of death globally.
Smoking / tobacco
The final step of gene expression when an amino acid chain is created.
What is protein synthesis?