DNA
Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Meiosis
(Blank)
100
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix
100
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
100
During prophase of mitosis, what are the four major things that occur?
1) The cell’s chromatin condenses into a compact form called chromosomes
2) Nuclear membrane breaks down
3) Nucleolus disappears
4) Spindle fibres are formed from the centrosomes as they move to opposite poles
100
What phase of meiosis does homologous chromosomes align (synapsis) and segments of the chromosomes are exchanged.
Prophase I
100
200
What makes up the backbone of DNA?
Sugar and phosphate
200
What happens during interphase?
Phase where a cell grows and replicates its DNA
200
Draw a labelled diagram of metaphase.
200
Draw a labelled diagram of anaphase I. Explain what happens in this phase.
Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. A single chromosome from each homologous pair moves to each pole of the cell
300
DNA is made up of individual units called __________, which are composed of a ____________, a ____________, and a ____________.
DNA is made ups of individual units called nucleotides, which are composed of a phosphate group, a sugar group and a base.
300
What is mitosis?
A stage of the cell cycle during which a cell’s nucleus divides and genetic material divides
300
Explain what happens to the chromosomes, nuclear membrane, and spindle fibres during telophase?
1) Chromosomes start to unwind into strands of less-visible chromatin
2) Spindle fibres breakdown
3) Nuclear membrane forms around the new set of chromosomes
300
Choose the correct answer:
Meiosis produces
a) Two haploid, genetically unique cells
b) Two diploid, genetically identical cells
c) Four haploid, genetically unique cells
d) Four haploid, genetically identical cells
c) Four haploid, genetically unique cells
400
State the complementary base pairs.
A - T
C - G
400
What is cytokinesis?
Division of cytoplasm and creation of new cell
400
How is cytokinesis different in animal vs plant cells?
In animal cells - microfilaments pinch the cytoplasm at the equator forming a cleavage furrow until the two cells are separate. Plants cell form a cell plate instead.
400
True or false. Two diploid cells are formed after meiosis I. Explain your answer.
False. Two haploid cells are formed after meiosis I.
During anaphase I, homologous chromosome pairs separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. This causes the chromosomes # to be reduced from 2n (diploid) to n (haploid)
500
DNA is double stranded.
If one strand is ATTCGA the other strand would be:
TAAGCT
500
What is the structure of DNA. during interphase?
The DNA is in very long, thin strands called chromatin
500
Draw a labelled diagram of anaphase. Explain what is happening in this phase. In your diagram state how many chromosomes are in the cell.
1) Each centromere splits apart and the sister chromatids separate from each other
2) Spindle fibres shorten, pulling the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell. At the end, one complete set of chromosomes has been gathered at each pole of the cell
In this photo there are 8 chromosomes
500
Draw labelled diagrams to show prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II
