Genetics
What is a gene?
A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein, which determines a trait.
What are the 4 types of blood?
A, B, AB, and O
What structure forms after the fertilization of an egg?
A zygote!
What are hormones?
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands that regulate various physiological processes in the body.
What is the difference between lipid soluble and water soluble hormones?
Lipid soluble can be dissolved in fats!
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.
What are the possible genotypes for Type A blood?
IAIA or IAi
BONUS! 500 Points!
What event occurs in the fallopian tubes?
Fertilization (when the egg and sperm combine).
What is a target cell?
A cell which bears receptors for a hormone, drug, or other signaling molecule.
What does the term "monozyogtic" mean?
What must occur for a recessive trait to be expressed in an organism?
An organism must inherit two copies of the recessive allele (one from each parent) for the trait to be expressed.
Define "antigen" and "antibody."
Antigen: carbohydrates on the outside of the cell to help identify what type of cell it is.
Antibody: proteins released by cells to fight foreign invaders.
True or false: A female stops releasing eggs around the age of 30.
False! A female stops releasing eggs around the age of 50.
Name one function of insulin in the body.
Insulin regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
What does HPT stand for?
Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid
Give an example of a homozygous recessive genotype.
A homozygous recessive genotype consists of two identical alleles for a recessive trait (e.g., aa).
Which type of blood must you have to be a "universal donor"? And WHY.
Type O. O blood cells do not have antigens on the surface of cells. Thus, when entering enemy territory (like another person's body), they can remain undetected by the host cells.
Define "morula"
Comes from the Latin word for mullberry. Refers to a clump of dividing cells shortly after fertilization.
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
They hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland and controls hormone secretion in response to internal and external stimuli.
Name the 3 germ layers from outside to inside.
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
If a plant has the genotype AaBb, what are the possible gametes it can produce?
The possible gametes are AB, Ab, aB, and ab.
If a mom has a genotype of IAIB and a dad has a genotype of IAi, what possible blood types could their children have?
Type A, Type AB, Type B
Week 20!
What causes Graves' disease?
An immune system disorder that results in overproduction of thyroid hormones. This occurs because of antibodies produced by the body that mimic TSH.
What is a gland? Name 4 different glands in the body.
A gland is an organ that releases hormones. Adrenal gland, pituitary gland, hypothalamus, thyroid, ovaries, kidneys, pineal, etc.