Replication
If one strand of DNA is 5' AGCTAA 3' what would the corresponding DNA strand be?
5' TTAGCT 3'
or 3' TCGATT 5'
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
What determines the function of protein?
Structure
Name the mutation and the codon where it happened:
GAC TAG GGA ACC TTA
GAC TAG GCA ACC TTA
Substitution, 3rd Codon a Guanine was substituted for a Cytosine
Name the enzyme that unzips the DNA molecule and the enzyme that adds nucleotides to build the daughter strand
Helicase- Unzips
Polymerase- Adds nucleotides
Define transcription
Process of turning DNA into mRNA
At what organelle does translation occur
Ribosome
Name the mutation and the codon where it happened:
GAC TAG GGA ACC TTA
GAC TAGAGGA ACC TTA
Insertion, an adenine was inserted between the second and third codon
If a DNA molecule is 33% Thymine what percentage of Guanine would be present in the strand?
17% Guanine
DNA sequence TAC what would the mRNA be?
AUG
What do organisms link together to make proteins?
Amino Acids
Why is a frameshift mutation dangerous?
An insertion or deletion that changes the reading frame will change every amino acid downstream
What does semi-conservative replication mean
Each strand of DNA serves as a template for the creation of a new strand
What nucleotide is present in RNA but not DNA?
What is uracil
64 nucleotides would code for how many amino acids?
21, there are only 21 full codons
Yes or No, Will each mutation to be passed on?
Skin Cancer, a mutation a child was born with, any mutation in the egg cell
No, Yes Yes
Summarize replication in four steps
1. Helicase breaks Hydrogen bonds
2. Primase lays down a Primer
3. Polymerase adds nucleotides to the exposed bases
4. Hydrogen bonds form between the nucleotides
Which of the following is not needed for protein synthesis to continue after transcription: tRNA, Ribosomes, DNA, mRNA
DNA
What is the central dogma of biology?
DNA->mRNA->Protein
Name at least 3 things that could cause mutations
Random mistakes during replication, Sunlight, X-Rays, Chemicals, Radioactive Substances