Vocab
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is meiosis?
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
What is the goal of mitosis?
Make an exact replica of a cell containing identical chromosomes to starting cell
Why is transcription a selective process?
Individual genes are chosen to be transcribed as needed
What happens to Thyamine in the DNA chain when turned to RNA?
Turns to Uracil
What are exons?
Coding regions
what distinguishes prophase from meiosis 1 from prophase of mitosis?
Homologous chromosomes pair up
What are the phases of mitosis? IN ORDER
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
What is the start codon for translation?
AUG or Methionine
A primer
What is a gene?
Basic unit of biological information
Does DNA replication occur before or after meiosis?
Before
Enforce the correct order of execution of cellular events
Translate this strand:
5'-AUGCCCGAUUUAACCAGCUACUGA
5'-MET, PRO,ASP,LEU,THR,SER,TYR,stop-3'
Central Dogma
DNA->RNA->Protein
What is an allele?
An alternative form of a single gene
Meiosis 1: Homologs separate
Meiosis 2: Sister chromatids integrate
What are the differences between sister chromatids and homologs?
Sister chromatids are the result from replication
Homologs are one from each parent
What does transcription require?
1. DNA template
2. Raw materials to build a new RNA molecule
3. Transcription apparatus
What is messenger RNA?
Type of RNA that carries copy of instructions for assembly of of amino acids into protein
What is a homozygote?
An organism that inherits two alleles of the same type for a given gene
Where do x-x chromosomes crossover? x-y?
x-x: Crossovers anywhere along the length
x-y: crossovers only in pseudo autosomal region
What is non-disjunction?
A mitotic error to separate chromosomes during division
New subunits can only be added to which end of the growing chain?
3' OH
What is 5'-3' strand? 3'-5' strand?
Leading strand, lagging strand