Genetics
The physical appearance or characteristic of an organism.
What is phenotype
A grid that shows the possible offspring of two parents
What is a Punnet Square
Where are genes located in the cell?
Chromosomes inside the nucleus
A mistake in copying the sequence of DNA
What is a mutation
This is the organism that Mendel used for his studies of genetics.
What is the pea plant?
The passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next is?
Heredity
An organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait.
What is homozygous
The ONLY time you can see a recessive trait
What is homozygous recessive
This is the main way that plants and animals reproduce.
What is sexual reproduction?
Trisomy 21
What is Down Syndrome?
R=round, r=wrinkled
These are the phenotype percentages of the offspring when Rr x Rr.
What are 75% round and 25% wrinkled?
The same or identical
Uniform or homozygous
The specific genetic make up of an organism is called its
What is genotype
Only one of these alleles is necessary to express the trait
What is Dominant
If a female is missing an X chromosome, she suffers from what?
This chromosome is necessary and sufficient for being a human male.
What is a Y chromosome?
The differences that occur from a mixture of genes is?
Variation
Being different
Diverse or heterozyous
Different variations of the SAME gene
What are alleles
Red flowers are dominant over white flowers. If a white flower is crossed with a red flower, 100% of the offspring will have this GENOTYPE
What is Rr or heterozygous
If someone suffers from Jacobs Syndrome, how might they act?
What is aggressive, short tempered, or angry?
This sex chromosome must always be present for a human embryo to be viable.
What is the X chromosome?
R=round, r=wrinkled
These are the genotype percentages of the offspring when Rr x Rr.
What are 25% RR (homozygous dominant), 50% Rr (heterozygous), and 25% rr (homozygous recessive).
Reproduction with egg and sperm?
Sexual Reproduction
The process that doubles the number of chromosomes by fusing two gametes together.
When the egg and sperm meet.
What is fertilization?
Six fingers is dominant over five fingers. If a 6-fingered heterozygous mother and a 5-fingered father have children, this is the percentage of their children who will be born with 6-fingers.
What is 50%?
When two traits are mixed, it is called..
What is incomplete dominance?
These are the traits that are linked to the x and y (23rd) pair of chromosomes
Sex-linked traits.
A red rose is crossed with a white rose. The resulting offspring will be pink. This is an example of:
Incomplete dominance
Reproduction involving only one parent?
Asexual Reproduction.
Two brown-eyed parents can produce a child with blue eyes. How is this possible out of these choices?
A. Blue eyes are an adaptation that can help the survival of humans.
B. Over many generations some characteristics become more frequent.
C. Eye color is always a mixture of the traits of both parents.
D. The genes passed on by the parents can combine in a new way in the child.
D. The genes passed on by the parents can combine in a new way in the child.
If you cross a heterozygous (Rr) black rabbit with a heterozygous black(Rr) rabbit what is the possible genotypes?
25% RR 50 % Rr and 25% rr
If you cross a heterozygous (Rr) black rabbit with a heterozygous black(Rr) rabbit what is the possible Phenotypes?
75% black 25% white or recessive color
The 23 pair of chromosomes in an individual determines what?
What is gender?
A black horse is crossed with a white horse. The resulting offspring is black and white. This is an example of:
Co-dominance
If you were crossing two parents genotypes for hair color and texture, what type of cross would you use?