Cell Cycle & Gene Expression
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
S-Phase
Identify the mutation that occurred.
Original DNA strand: ATT GCG ACG TAG
Mutated DNA strand: ATT GTG ACG TAG
Substitution
Chickens can have different types of feathers. Frizzled feathers curl toward a chicken's head. Assume that feather type is determined by a single gene and that the allele for frizzled feathers is dominant over the allele for straight feathers. In a cross between two chickens with straight feathers, what percentage of the offspring can be expected to have frizzled feathers?
100%
Sexual reproduction in animals depends on the production of gametes. Which of these processes produces gametes in animals?
Meiosis
Homozygous
When cells lose their ability to regulate the cell cycle, they can divide at an accelerated rate and form mass of cells. This mass of cells if referred to as -
Tumor
Which part of the DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?
The sequence of nitrogen bases
Combine a square headed parent with a heterozygous round head. (rr X Rr) What is the likelihood that they would have a round headed child?
50% chance the offsprings will have a round head.
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This exchange of genetic material increases -
Genetic Variation
You receive on from each parent.
Allele
At birth Himalayan rabbits are usually white over their entire bodies. But when parts of their bodies reach temperatures below 35 degrees C, a pigment that causes these parts to tun black is produced. In this scenario, what environmental factor is regulating gene expression?
Temperature
This molecule copies information from DNA to provide information to form proteins at the ribosome.
mRNA
In cocker spaniels the allele for a black coat color (B) is dominant over the allele for a brown coat color (b). If a brown cocker spaniel is crossed with a heterozygous black cocker spaniel, which of the following genotypic ratios can be expected?
2Bb: 2bb
Meiosis
A _______ trait can only be expressed when both alleles are present.
Recessive
DNA damage can turn off genes involved in cell-signaling pathways. Turning off these genes can cause less mature cells to divide too rapidly, often leading to the development of -
Cancer
tRNA brings amino acids back to the ribosome to build a protein. Which step in protein synthesis is being described?
Translation
Dark hair is dominant to light hair. Mr Smith is homozygous dominant for dark hair. Mrs. Smith is homozygous recessive for light hair. What is the possibility their offsprings will have light hair?
O% of their offspring will have light hair.
This type of cellular division results in 2 identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
The genetic make-up of an organism.
Genotype
Unregulated cell division could be the cause of -
Cancer
Identify the mutation-
Original DNA strand: AGG TAT AAC GCT
Mutated DNA strand: AGG TAT ACG CT
Deletion
Tomato plants usually have hairy stems. Hairless stems are present in tomato plants that are homozygous recessive for this trait. If the stem characteristics are determined by a single gene, what is the expected outcome of crossing two tomato plants that are heterozygous for hairy stems?
75% hairy stems; 25% hairless stems
What are the four phases of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
The observable traits of an organism.
Phenotype