Genetics Definitions
Define recessive trait.
A genetic factor that is blocked by a dominant factor
True or False: Gregor Mendel's proved that physical traits from parents to children were blended like paint.
False: Gregor Mendel performed experiments that disproved the idea of blending traits.
Define genotype.
The two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait
What contains genetic information that controls traits?
Chromosomes
Why is Gregor Mendel known as the father of
genetics? What did he do?
Mendel is known as the father of genetics because of his genetics research.
Define dominate trait.
A genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor
What are the two genetic factors that control each inherited trait?
Dominant & Recessive traits
Define alleles.
The different forms of a gene.
True or False: Height is an example of phenotype
True
Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross pollination.
Self–pollination: When pollen from one plant lands on the pistil of the same plant
Cross-pollination: When pollen from one plant lands on the pistil of a different plant
Define heredity.
The passing of traits from parentsto offspring
List 3 reasons Gregor Mendel uses pea plants for his genetic experiments.
1.Their traits are easily recognizable
2. Mendel could control which pairs of plants
reproduced
3. They reproduce quickly
Define phenotype.
How a trait appears or is expressed
True or False: We cannot see an organism’s genotype
True
Explain what symbols scientists use to represent alleles in a genotype
Upper case letters = dominant alleles
Lowercase letters = recessive alleles
Define a hybrid plant.
They came from parents with different forms of the same trait
Pollinating a sunflower and a rose is an example of what?
Cross- pollination
Define Punnett square.
A model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes.
Describe this genotype RR
Homozygous dominant
Define a true-breeding plant.
True breeding plants always produce offspring with traits that match the parent
What comes from true breeding parents with different forms of the same traits?
Hybrids
Define homozygous.
Two alleles of a gene are the same
What are the genotypes for a homozygous dominant white rabbit and a homozygous recessive black rabbit?
YY & rr
Solve this Punnet Square:
A heterozygous white rose and a homozygous dominate red rose
Varies