Punnett Squares
A tool used to analyze the possible allele combinations of the offspring between two individuals
Punnett square
The reproductive process that involves one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent
Asexual Reproduction
The reproductive process involving two parents whose genetic material is combined to produce a new organism different from themselves
Sexual Reproduction
A characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring.
Inherited Trait
The basic physical and functional unit of heredity made up of DNA
gene
What letters are used to show dominant traits and what letters are used to show recessive traits?
Capital; lowercase
Any individual offspring produced from asexual reproduction will always be
identical to the parent
The occurrence of an organism, trait, or gene in more than one form
Variation
A version of a gene
Allele
A single, highly organized and structured piece of DNA
Chromosome
How many possible predictions do Punnett squares produce?
4
Offspring resulting from asexual reproduction are always…
genetically uniform; same as the parent
When someone says that a daughter looks just like her mother, is it possible that the daughter is an exact copy of her mother?
No, because a daughter receives half of her genetic make up from her father.
How many chromosomes do each parent contribute to offspring?
23 from each parent
The variety of gene combinations that exist within a population
Genetic Variation
If a dominant trait is present, what happens to a recessive trait?
The recessive trait is hidden or masked.
What are the four types of asexual reproduction?
Binary fission, budding, vegetative propagation, and regeneration.
Why does sexual reproduction produce diverse offspring?
The offspring have a unique combination of DNA from its parents.
Two red flowers produce a white flower as an offspring. Explain how this is possible.
The parents had both a dominant and recessive trait and they both passed the recessive trait to the offspring.
Product of reproduction; a new organism produced by one or more parents
Offspring
The genotypes are shown by ______ in Punnett squares; the phenotypes appear as what in offspring?
Genetic material passed down from generations (allele combinations); the physical characteristics in the offspring
Pick one type of asexual reproduction and describe it.
Answers vary.
Binary fission produces two identical cells.
Budding has the offspring grow out of the parent organism.
Regeneration helps an organism regrow a damaged body part.
Vegetative propagation happens when one plant grows new plants.
How can you differentiate between the offspring of sexually and asexually reproducing organisms?
The offspring in sexually reproducing offspring will have genetic variation.
How can two parents both with brown eyes have a child with blue eyes?
They passed recessive alleles to the child; the eye color is a mixture of traits from the parents
Explain how a genetic trait can skip generations.
Two recessive alleles must be inherited for a recessive trait to show. Therefore, the generation that skipped the disease must have been just carriers or not have the allele at all.