Mitosis & Meiosis
A cell containing two full sets of chromosomes 2n=46
Nucleotide difference between DNA and RNA
What is uracil?
Two types of histone modification.
Acetylation & methylation
Phenotype
What is the expression/manifestation of a trait?
These strands move more quickly during gel electrophoresis
What is short
When homologous chromosomes exchange genes during Prophase 1 creating new mixture of parent traits in their offspring.
What is crossing-over?
Anti-parallel
Term that describes the fact that the 5’ end of one strand of DNA is opposite the 3’ end of the second strand.
There are 20 amino acids but 64 possible codons. Explain
What is redundancy
One of two or more alternate forms of a gene.
What is an allele?
The DNA nucleotides that are classified as purines
Adenine and Guanine
Two mechanisms that creates genetic variation during meiosis.
What are crossing over and independent assortment of alleles.
The DNA nucleotides that are classified as purines
Adenine and Guanine
Insertion of incorrect amino acid
What is a missense mutation?
When you want to know the probability that two or more independent events will take place together.
When should you use the multiplication rule of probability?
Relies on amplifying a short piece of DNA based on synthetic primers & generate large amounts of DNA by exponential amplification.
What is Polymerase Chain Reaction?
Phase in meiosis when sister chromatids separate and are pulled by the microtubules to opposite poles of the cell.
What is anaphase II?
In replication, unwinds the two strands of DNA
What is the function of DNA helicase?
DNA segment that allows a gene to be transcribed; helps RNA polymerase find where the gene starts
Phenotype of heterozygous genotype lies in the range between the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes.
What is incomplete dominance?
Sanger DNA sequencing uses these nucleotides.
What are dideoxynucleotides?
Uncoiled DNA present in interphase
What is chromatin?
If a double-stranded DNA sample contains 30% adenine (A), then it will contain ____ guanine (G).
What is 20%?
When glucose concentrations are low in a bacterial cell, this co-activator molecule concentrations will be high.
What is cyclic AMP?
In agouti mice, crossing two heterozygotes (aY x aY) results in a 2:1 phenotypic ratio of yellow to agouti mice. This is an example of _____ inheritance.
What is lethal?
Three benefits of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
What are speed, cost, amount of DNA that can be sequenced.