DNA Structure
Mutations & Repair
Transcription & mRNA Processing
Translation
DNA Replication
100
Thymine & Cytosine
What are pyrimidines?
100
A mutation from a purine to a pyrimidine, or a pyrimidine to a purine.
What is a transversion?
100
Transcription begins here; in eukaryotes RNA polymerases are recruited to bind here.
What is a promoter?
100
This site of a translating ribosome has the growing peptide chain attached to it.
What is the peptidyl site?
100
Hold sister chromatids together until cell is in anaphase.
What are cohesions?
200
The "beads on a string" structures that form when DNA wraps around histones.
What are nucleosomes?
200
A mutation induced by nitrous acid.
What is deamination?
200
A complex of proteins and small nuclear RNAs that remove introns from pre-mRNA in the nucleus.
What is a spliceosome?
200
The start codon always codes for this amino acid.
What is methionine
200
A result of the discontinuous synthesis on the lagging strand due to polymerase's need for RNA primers
What are Okazaki fragments?
300
Each daughter DNA receives its template strand from the parent DNA that is being replicated.
What is semi-conservative replication?
300
In some bacteria, this repair mechanism removes pyrimidine dimers.
What is light-dependent repair?
300
Occurs twice during the splicing of an intron thanks to a 2' hydroxyl group.
What is a nucleophilic attack?
300
Following a stop codon, this protein binds to the ribosome preventing further tRNA binding.
What is release factor?
300
Relaxes positive supercoiling due to unwinding.
What is DNA topoisomerase?
400
Complementary DNA strands always run in opposite directions.
What is anti-parallel?
400
In E. coli, this is the post-replication process that allows for template strand recognition during mismatch repair.
What is hemimethylation?
400
One way to end transcription in E. coli, this occurs due to an inverted repeat followed by an run of adenines.
What is rho-independent termination?
400
As in most prokaryotes, when one strand of mRNA translates for multiple proteins.
What is polycistronic?
400
The "proof-reading" activity of DNA polymerase that removes incorrect bases during DNA synthesis.
What is 3' to 5' exonuclease activity?
500
Structure/Function Two Part Question: This enzyme uses an RNA template to extend the ____' end of a DNA strand in order to prevent strand shortening.
What is the 3' end? What is telomerase?
500
The primary mechanism of double stranded break repair.
What is non-homologous end joining?
500
The basis for gene "knockdown" of dsRNAs, generally thought of as an evolutionary defense against RNA viruses.
What is RNA interference (RNA-inducing silence complexes)?
500
Refers to the degenerate nature of the third base of a codon.
What is "wobble" pairing?
500
Binds to unwound strands to stabilized them (and prevent reannealing) during replication
What is ssDNA binding protein?
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