What is one of many environmental factors that effect gene regulation?
What is (Temperature) (Living Conditions) (Some Chemicals) (Social Environment)
100
What does RNA stand for?
What is ribo-nucleic acid
100
What are mutations?
When cells make mistakes coping their own DNA, inserting a wrong base, or even skipping a base.
100
What is an operon.
They are a group of genes regulated together.
200
Who defined the image of the DNA double helix?
Who is Francis Crick and James Fancis
200
What are regulatory genes?
What is a DNA strand that encodes for a protein sequence used to regulate transcription
200
When does most of the work making RNA happen?
What is transcription.
200
What are point mutations?
Mutations that occur at only one point in the DNA sequence.
200
Bacteria and prokaryotes do not need to transcribe all their genes at the same time.
TRUE OR FALSE?
True
300
What is DNA made out of?
What are a phosphate group, nitrogenous base, and ribose sugar.
300
What is the principle of dominance?
That some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
300
Describe RNA polymerase.
An enzyme that binds to DNA during transcription, and separates it. It then uses the separated strand to make a template to assemble nucleotides.
300
What is a substitution?
When one base is changed into another base.
300
What is an operator?
The O-site where the lac repressor can bind to DNA
400
The differences between DNA & RNA
Difference is that DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded. DNA contains Thymine, RNA has Uracil
400
What is codominance?
What is when the phenotypes produced from both alleles are clearly expressed in the offspring.
400
Describe introns and exons.
Introns: Portions cut out and discarded from the pre-mRNA strand.
Exons: Remaining pieces that are spliced back into the final mRNA.
400
What is a frameshift mutation, and what is the other name of a frameshift mutation?
When the "reading frame" is shifted, altering every amino acid past that point. Insertions and Deletions.
400
What is the TATA box?
It binds together proteins that help position RNA polymerase at the point just before the beginning of a gene.
500
What is Chargaff's rule?
That the percentages of the base pairs A=T, G=C in DNA were almost equal in every sample of DNA.
500
A homozygous dominant red and homozygous dominant white flower are bred. Producing 100% pink offspring, what is this called?
What is incomplete dominance.
500
Name the 3 forms of RNA and what they do.
mRNA(messenger)= Carries information from DNA to other parts of the cell.
tRNA(transport)= Transfers each amino acid to the ribosome from the specified coded given by mRNA.
rRNA(ribosomal)= The subunits of ribosomes.
500
What are the four Chromosomal Mutations?
Deletion, Duplication, Inversion, Translocation.
500
RNA interference does what?
It is the miRNA silencing compound that blocks gene expression