Vocab
Science Principles
Science
Past unit questions
Cause and Effect Connectors
100
What is a trait
A characteristic that an organism has.
100
What trait is being observed in the photo below, and what are the variations?
Trait: Petal number
Variations: 6 petals, 7 petals
100
What are the variations in musculature for cattle?
Extra-big muscle
Medium muscle
Typical muscle
100
True or False: All solid objects deform elastically.
True
100
I went to the park _________ my friends texted me.
because
200
What is a variation
The differences within a specific trait
200
How does muscle contraction begin?
The brain sends a signal to nerves in muscle cells.
200
What is the function of protein in the body?
To grow and maintain cells.
200
What is the difference between an elastic limit and a breaking point?
Elastic limit- the maximum amount an object can be bent, stretched, or compressed and still return to its original shape.
Breaking point- the amount of force required to make an object become completely damaged.
200
The ball rolled down the hill ____________ it hit the wall.
as a result
300
What is musculature?
A noun used to describe the muscles of an organism.
300
How do actin and myosin work together to cause movement?
Actin and myosin slide past each other, and when they do, myosin hooks onto the actin strand, which causes the muscles to contract. When myosin slides back, it deattaches from actin which causes relaxation of the muscles. This process creates movement.
300
This layer of Earth is made of solid rock and is broken into plates that slowly move.
the crust
300
Describe the differences between an independent, dependent, and control variable.
Independent- the thing you change each time you test
Dependent- The change you observe because of the independent variable.
Control- What remains constant (stays the same) in your experiment.
300
The plant received less sunlight than usual, ______ its rate of photosynthesis decreased. _________, the overall growth of the plant was significantly reduced.
so, therefore
400
What is the difference between qualitative evidence and quantitative evidence?
Qualitative- evidence that comes from observations using your five senses.
Quantitative- evidence that comes from [measurement] / numbers
400
How does the size of individual muscle cells compare in extra-big muscles versus typical muscles?
EMB- more cells, thicker cells, cells are larger in area.
TM- less cells, thinner cells, cells are smaller in area.
400
It’s the organ that sends messages all through your body, helping you think, move, and feel.
the brain
400
Name one piece of evidence that forces come in equal and opposite pairs.
Pushing/pulling spring scales (A/B), both scales read the same amount; the forces came from opposite directions.
400
A decrease in atmospheric pressure allows water to boil at a lower temperature, and ________ the liquid to evaporate more quickly; __________, the cooling effect from evaporation can slow the overall boiling process.
this causes, however
500
Define actin and myosin, describe their structure, and position within muscle cells.
Small proteins anchored on opposite ends that make up muscle fibers and cause movement.
Myosin- thick protein with a hook-like head
Actin- A thin protein strand with holes
500
Describe the full process of how muscles develop from exercise and protein intake.
When the muscle strands are placed under a force that goes beyond their elastic limit microtears form in the muscle fibers. Proteins are then needed to repair the damage and create new cells. The new cells makes muscles bigger.
500
How were the two studies conducted, and what were the major findings in each study.
1. Two groups were sampled, one was given pudding and the other was given yogurt. Both groups participated in resistance training.
- Findings: Group that ate yogurt had a larger increase in muscle thickness due to yogurt's protein content.
2. Two groups were surveyed, both groups participated in resistance training, one group was given a carb supplement / other given protein supplement.
- Group who was given protein supplement saw a bigger increase in their muscle fibers.
500
This natural phenomenon happens deep underground when energy builds up along a fault line and is suddenly released, sending waves through Earth’s crust that can travel thousands of miles.
An earthquake
500
When a plant inherits the genetic instructions for tall height, it expresses the tall trait, and _______ it grows significantly above average; ________ it to receive more sunlight than shorter plants, ______ it often produces more energy through photosynthesis.
as a result, this causes, so