Probability
If a flower with genotype AaBb self-fertilizes, what is the probability of getting an offspring that is homozygous for both genes?
What is 1/8?
*This is an add event*
Mutation characterized by a premature stop codon.
What is nonsense mutation?
Maternal and Paternal chromosomes together are called
What are homologous chromosomes?
Outward characteristic or something that can be measured or observed, derived from genotype.
What is phenotype?
To find the probability of an "either-or" event.
What is Sum rule?
If both human parents have alleles "Aa", what is the probability of them producing a female with the recessive trait(s)?
1/8
*female
A disease that is a direct result of repeats of CGG sequences, leading to methylation as a result
What is Fragile X Syndrome?
This is when chromosomes separate through spindle fiber traction.
What is anaphase?
This is when crossing over occurs.
What is Prophase 1? (or more specifically Pachytene)
To find the probability of two independent events occurring.
What is the Product Rule?
The likelihood of F1 parent's progeny not being homozygous recessive.
What is 3/4?
(delta)32 gene makes the cell resist HIV infections due to its... (what kind of mutation)
What is a deletion?
Physical genetic changes that are not result of DNA sequences.
Variation>Gene>______>Function>Biology
What is protein?
Which two types of morphism are considered "loss-of-function"?
What are amorph and hypomorph?
In a dihybrid-cross what is the probability that both pairs are heterozygous?
What is 1/4?
(1/2) x (1/2)
Insertions and/or deletions that are not in groups of 3, causing a change in the reading frame (usually makes the protein defective or develop new functions)
(hint: which type of mutations)
If one parent has genes AABbCCdd and the other has AaBbCcDd, how many possible outcomes are there if the parents produce an offspring?
What is 24?
(2x3x2x2)
The UTR (or the UnTranslated Regions) of the DNA is found between the_____.
What are exons?
Which two types of morphism are considered "gain-of-function"?
Two F1 heterozygous purple flowers are mated (Pp), what is the probability that the F2 purple offspring are also heterozygous?
What is 2/3?
"purple offspring"
What is the difference between a forward genetic screen versus a reverse genetic screen?
Forward: choose phenotype, then introduce mutagen or virus to see the effect on phenotype.
Reverse: choose a Gene of Interest (GOI), then mutagen, then phenotype.
How many allelic combinations are there for the F2 generations if the F0 alleles are as such: "AABBCC" and "aabbcc"?
What is 8?
(Remember 2^n)
This binds to promoters and recruits RNA polymerase (includes both activators and repressors)
What are transcription factors?
If parents of genotype PPTT and pptt mate with one another and the two genes are close together on the same chromosome, the genotypes of the gametes from the F1 offspring will be... (also explain for this if you can)
What is PT and pt?