Genetics Vocab
These small sections of DNA code for physical traits.
What are genes?
Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. Using the allele "p", write the genotype for a white flower.
If P = purple flowers and p = white flowers, then white flowers has a genotype of pp.
a physical characteristic or feature that allows a species to survive better in its environment (EX: webbed feet)
What is structural adaptation?
Populations that are more likely to survive a changing environment need to have lots of ...
variations
The oldest fossil are found in what rock layers?
What is the bottom layer/deeper layers?
Are earthquakes easy or hard to predict?
hard
DNA is wound tightly into X shaped structures for storage inside the cell.
What is chromosome?
When a trait has two different versions of a gene (one dominant and one recessive EX: Bb, Ff, Gg)
What is heterozygous?
Instinct or a way an animal acts that helps it survive in its environment (EX: wolves howling).
What is behavioral adaptation?
When two organisms share a large amount of similar DNA, what does that tell scientists?
That the were closely related.
If a species disappears in a more recent rock layer. What likely happened to that species
extinct
Are hurricanes easy or hard to predict?
easy
Traits you can see that are coded by the genotype
What is phenotype?
Complete a Punnett square for Gg and Gg.
What are GG, Gg, Gg, and gg.
animals that have certain beneficial traits will survive better over time- survival of the best adapted- nature determines who will "win"
What is natural selection?
Anatomy that show common ancestry. They are similar in structure, although may be different in function are know as
homologous structures
What is true about fossils and the layer of rock they are found in?
They are the same age.
This is the vibration record of an earthquake, that looks like jagged lines on paper.
seismogram/seismograph
Two versions of a gene that each individual has that code for each trait. (EX: BB, Bb, or bb)
What is genotype?
Mike is heterozygous for brown eyes. His wife has blue eyes. What percentage of their children will most likely have brown eyes? What percentage will most likely have blue eyes?
What is 50% brown and 50% blue eyes?
What would happen to a population of mostly white rabbits in a snowy environment if global warming caused all the snow to melt year round?
The population would undergo natural selection and become mostly brown.
The Island where Charles Darwin explored...
what did he discover there
Galapagos
similar species, each fit to the specific environment on the island.
What process is most responsible for rock layers forming?
Deposition
Name some ways of predicting volcanic eruptions.
What is ground swelling (tilt), earthquake activity, seismometer, GPS
when a trait has two of the SAME versions of a gene (both dominant or recessive EX: BB, bb)
What is homozygous?
The four answers for a Punnett square are Zz, Zz, zz, zz. What are the genotypes for the parents?
What is Zz and zz.
industrial revolution, smoke, trees turning black, what would likely happened to the population of white and black moths.
the black colored moths will become more common.
•Gazelles on the African plains are often hunted by the top predators. Over time, the gazelles have evolved to have very large eyes on either side of their head and very large ears.
–How do their eyes and ears factor into their survival?
–Explain how, through Natural Selection, gazelles have evolved to have these kind of eyes and ears.
•The eyes on either side of the head help them to see the predators coming from all directions. The large ears help them to hear the predators.
•Over time, the gazelles that had poor hearing and vision were killed off. Those with better vision and hearing survived to pass those traits on to their offspring.
This law states that any fault or intrusion must be younger than the rock layers they cut through.
Crosscutting
Name some tools used to predict the weather.
What is Doppler Radar, satellite data, radiosonde (weather balloon), ASOS, super computers, AWIPS?
What are genes made of
a section of DNA
Tall stems (T) are dominant to short stems. The offspring are all short stemmed. What are the genotypes of the parents?
If T = tall stem and t = short stem, then both parents are tt.
According to the modern theory of evolution, new traits are produced by....
What are mutations?
If a population were to become separated or geographically isolated for a long period of time, this may lead to
speciation, new species
If the same fossil is found in two different location, what can be said about the rock layers they came from.
the layers are the same age.
What are the three types of plate boundaries? How are the plates moving and what are the resulting features of each?
Divergent: Plates move apart; volcanic activity, shallow Earthquakes
Convergent: Plates move together; mountains, subduction= volcanoes/ deep Earthquakes
Transform: Plates slide past each other; earthquakes