Vocab
Punnett Squares
Genotype/Phenotype
Genetic Engineering & Selective Breeding
ANYTHING
100
What term describes the genes or combination of alleles within DNA that are responsible for a trait in an organism?
Genotype
100
The Punnett square below is set up to determine the probability of the child of a certain couple having freckles. Which of the following belongs in the upper-right square?
Ff
100
What type of allele is represented by a lowercase letter?
Recessive
100
What do we call the manipulation of genetic instructions to produce new characteristics?
Genetic Engineering
100
What scientist is known as "The Father of Genetics?" (Last name is sufficient)
Gregor Mendel
200
What term describes the physical appearance of an organism which is determined by the genes within the DNA?
Phenotype
200
The Punnett square below shows the results of a genetic cross between a heterozygous mother and a homozygous recessive father. What percent of the offspring will have the father's phenotype?
50%
200
How are genotypes classified if they have either two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles?
Homozygous
200
What process is responsible in the variation of dog breeds?
Selective Breeding (AKA Artificial Selection)
200
True or False: The punnett square is used to determine the probability of offspring traits.
True
300
Which term is used to describe a genotype that has two different alleles? (Ex: Rr)
Heterozygous
300
The diagram below is of a Punnett square for the cross between two heterozygous flowers, Rr and Rr.
Assuming the flowers in this cross display complete dominance, and the allele, R, is dominant for a red pigment and the allele, r, is recessive for a white pigment, what percent of the offspring will have red flowers?
75%
300
How are genotypes classified if they have one dominant allele and one recessive allele?
Heterozygous
300
What process is used in creating insulin for diabetics who cannot produce insulin themselves. This process involves taking the gene for producing insulin from a human who is not diabetic and putting into the cell of a human who is diabetic.
Genetic Engineering
400
Which term is used to describe a genotype that has two identical alleles (Ex: RR or rr)
Homozygous
400
A homozygous brown mouse mates with a heterozygous brown mouse. The allele for brown fur (B) is dominant over the allele for tan fur (b). What percentage of the offspring will most likely have brown fur?
100%
400
Round and wrinkled seeds shape options for pea plants. Are these traits genotypes or phenotypes?
Phenotypes
400
True or False: An organism that has resulted from the process of artificial selection is more likely to survive than an organism that is a result of natural selection.
False
500
Which term describes the process of choosing a specific organism to breed based on producing desired traits?
Selective Breeding
500
Polydactyly is an inherited condition common in cats. It causes cats to grow extra digits, or toes, on their paws. It is dominant over the characteristic to grow the normal number of digits.
If a male cat that is heterozygous for polydactyly (Pp) mates with a female that is homozygous for polydactyly (pp), what are the possible genotypes of their first generation of offspring?
Pp and pp
500
Genotype and phenotype are determined by the alleles an organism inherits. Which of the following represents a genotype? (Choose ALL that apply)
A. Aa B. red hair C. rr D. tall
Aa and rr
500
Agriculture has used selective breeding for many years to pass on desirable traits to domesticated plants and animals. This is an example of which biotechnological process?
Artificial Selection (AKA Selective Breeding)