DNA Structure & Replication
Transcription
Translation
Mutations
Miscellaneous (any category)
100
What are the four bases in DNA and how do they pair together?
Adenine-Thymine
Cytosine-Guanine
100
What are the 4 RNA bases and how do they pair up?
Adenine- Uracil
Cytosine-Guanine
100
How many types of RNA are involved in building proteins?
3
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
100
Are all types of mutations harmful, at least to some degree?
No -- mutation just means a change in the DNA
100
What type of mutation generally has a more significant effect, a gene mutation or a chromosomal mutation?
Chromosomal Mutation
200
What would the complementary strand of DNA look like for this following sequence?
GCA AGG CTT AGT CTA
CGT TCC GAA TCA GAT
200
Transcribe the following strand of DNA:
TAC GTT ACA TAT ACT
AUG CAA UGU AUA UGA
200
Translate the following sequence:
AUG GCU AAC UGA
met ala asn STOP
200
In what type of chromosomal mutation is a part of a chromosome or an entire chromosome lost?
Deletion
200
What type of bonds hold DNA strands together?
Hydrogen Bonds
300
What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?
sugar, phosphate, base
300
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus (of eukaryotes)
300
What is the start codon?
How many stop codons are there?
AUG
3
300
What type of mutation is shown below?
Original mRNA-- AUG CCG UAU UAC GUA UGA
met pro tyr tyr val STOP
Mutation -- AUG CCG UAU UAU CUA UGA
met pro tyr tyr leu STOP
substitution -- missense
300
What type of mutation results in the production of an extra chromosome or and extra part of a chromosome?
Duplication
400
What is the name of the scientists that took the first clear X-rays images of DNA, critical for the discovery of DNA structure, but did not receive a Nobel Prize for their work?
Rosalind Franklin
400
What type of RNA is made during transcription?
messenger RNA (mRNA)
400
Where does translation occur in the cell?
ribosomes
400
What type of mutation is shown below?
Original mRNA-- AUG CCG UAU UAC GUA UGA
met pro tyr tyr val STOP
Mutation -- AUG CCG UAU UAA GUA UGA
met pro tyr STOP
Substitution --> Nonsense
400
What type of mutation is more likely to result in a more dramatic effect on the protein produced, an insertion or a substitution?
Insertion
Frameshift mutations tend to have more dramatic effects than substitutions.
500
What are the three steps of DNA replication and what are the enzymes that do each step?
Helicase "unzips" the DNA
DNA polymerase adds complementary bases/nucleotides
DNA polymerase proofreads for any mistakes
500
What is the name of the enzyme that opens up DNA and also adds RNA bases to create an RNA strand?
RNA Polymerase
500
What type of RNA carries the RNA message from the DNA?
What type of RNA is part of the organelle that builds proteins?
What type of RNA brings amino acids to help construct the protein?
messenger RNA
ribosomal RNA
transfer RNA
500
In what type of chromosomal mutation does a part of one chromosome break off and attach to another chromosome (for example, part of chromosome 11 breaks off and attaches to chromosome 21)?
Translocation
500
What sugar is found in DNA?
What sugar is found in RNA?
DNA -- deoxyribose
RNA -- ribose